Analyzing interdependencies between policy mixes and technological innovation systems: The case of offshore wind in Germany

Abstract

Abstract:One key approach for studying emerging technologies in the field of sustainability transitions is that of technological innovation systems (TIS). While most TIS studies aim at deriving policy recommendations -typically by identifying system barriers -the actual role of these proposed policies in the TIS is rarely looked at. In addition, often single policy instruments instead of more encompassing policy mixes are considered. We address these shortcomings by applying a more comprehensive policy mix concept within the TIS approach. In doing so we analyze interdependencies between the policy mix and the TIS by shedding light on the role of the policy mix for TIS functioning and performance as well as how TIS developments influence the evolution of the policy mix. We explore these interdependencies for the case of offshore wind in Germany, using data from event history analysis and expert interviews. We find highly dynamic interdependencies with reoccurring patterns of systemic problems and adjustments of the policy mix, which are fuelled by high policy mix credibility and supportive actors. Our study constitutes a first step incorporating the policy mix concept into the TIS approach, thereby enabling a better understanding of real dynamics occurring in TIS.2

The role of domestic markets in international technological innovation systems

“…Policies that reward the use of local suppliers are unlikely to be approved under the European rules on free competition. Indeed, we support the argument by Reichardt et al (2016) that local content policies as observed in the UK can limit opportunities for transnational linkages and as such weaken the overall performance of the European offshore wind TIS. However, policy might be designed to facilitate increased interaction between small technology firms and larger industrial firms, for instance through joint R&D and demonstration that target consortia of smaller and larger firms.…”

“…Evidence from the Dutch and German offshore wind industries points to the participation of large utilities and incumbent firms as critical for building up a national offshore wind industry (Raven et al 2016;Reichardt et al 2016). The Norwegian supply industry for offshore wind consists of mostly smaller firms or firms with minor activities in offshore wind.…”

Overcoming transformational failures through policy mixes in the dynamics of technological innovation systems

“…Whilst there is some pioneering work (cf. Reichardt et al, 2016), we so far have little evidence on how to link observed transformational failures to specific interventions in functional dynamics. Hence, future empirical research is necessary to test our modelling assumptions.…”

The need for comprehensive and well targeted instrument mixes to stimulate energy transitions: The case of energy efficiency policy

“…Finally, transition studies have started to pay greater attention to the co-evolution of policy mixes and system innovation, such as for the case of technological innovation systems (e.g. [14] for offshore wind in Germany).…”