Analyzing Electricity Markets with Increasing Penetration of Large-Scale Renewable Power Generation

Johnathon, Chris; Agalgaonkar, Ashish P.; Kennedy, Joel; Planiden, Chayne

doi:10.3390/en14227618

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRES) PV panels and wind turbines [30], [31]. The high penetration of renewable energy sources presents several benefits and challenges [32].…”

Section: Modern Power Grids Experience High Infiltration Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust PID Control of EV Aggregator for C-FCAS Using Sequential Multi-Objective Optimization

Pradana,

Haque,

Krismanto

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Integrating Electric Vehicles (EVs) charging into power grids through EV aggregator, offers promising benefits to society for reliable, sustainable, and cost-effective energy solutions. A key aspect of this integration is the possibility of provision of Contingency-Frequency Control Ancillary Services (C-FCAS). While EVs primarily serve owners' transportation needs, they must return to their idle positions with a satisfactory State of Charge (SoC) after providing frequency support following a contingency. However, real-world implementations of grid-connected EV aggregator control for C-FCAS are complex and challenging because several factors, including uncertainties, perturbation magnitude, renewable energy penetration, and the SoC of EVs need to be considered. To implement the C-FCAS considering these factors, this paper presents a robust PID control approach for an EV aggregator. The objective is to effectively manage EV units willing to participate, ensuring frequency regulation support, system stability, and smooth return to their idle position. The strategy exploits a sequential multi-objective optimization approach with two main objectives: mitigating frequency perturbations caused by contingencies and restoring EV units power discharge to zero after a critical time period. Sequential Multi-objective Optimization (SMO) algorithms optimize the control parameters under diverse scenarios and uncertainties. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The control strategy by an EV aggregator successfully handled different market conditions and uncertainties, ensuring reliable frequency regulation. This service opportunity will enhance income of EV owners and their willingness to participate while helping to keep the integrity of system operation.

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“…Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRES) PV panels and wind turbines [30], [31]. The high penetration of renewable energy sources presents several benefits and challenges [32].…”

Section: Modern Power Grids Experience High Infiltration Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust PID Control of EV Aggregator for C-FCAS Using Sequential Multi-Objective Optimization

Pradana,

Haque,

Krismanto

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…Today, most commercial large‐scale power plants use EMGs as their electrical generator. [ 74–76 ] The different forms of EMG are categorized as follows: mechanically into rotational, linear, or multidimensional kinetic input and electrically into direct current or alternating current. [ 77,78 ] When the EMG operates, a slight movement of the permanent magnet with respect to the coils ( δx ) causes a change in the magnetic flux (Φ B ) flowing through the coils, leading to the creation of voltage and electromotive force (ξ), electromagnetic induction change ( δV ), and the free charge flow ( δI ) through the external circuit.…”

Section: Working Principle Of Various Nanogeneratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Nanogenerators for Ocean Energy Harvesting: Mechanisms, Designs, and Applications

Panda

Hajra

et al. 2023

Small

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power requirements. [1][2][3] The mechanical energy present in the waves and tides of the ocean can be harnessed and utilized by advanced technologies. [4][5][6] Unquestionably, the employment and harvest of ocean energy are increasingly considered a vital solution to the critical energy shortage. [7][8][9] Capturing large-scale wave energy will eventually lead to modifying the world's energy structure to end the energy crisis. [10][11][12] Ocean energy sources are being explored to provide large-scale electricity, typically over a few watts, to meet the energy demands of commercial and residential areas that face power shortages. [13][14][15] In parallel, there is a growing interest in energy harvesting technologies that can generate small amounts of power from nanowatts to milliwatts to replace conventional batteries in portable and wearable electronics. Renewable energy-based self-powered systems have progressed remarkably over the last decade. [16][17][18] The current method of ocean energy harvesting is based on electromagnetic generators (EMGs) or triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). [19,20] The TENGs can be an alternative power unit as they can convert various energy vibrations from the ocean into electrical output. [21,22] TENGs often produce a high voltageThe ocean holds vast potential as a renewable energy source, but harnessing its power has been challenging due to low-frequency and high-amplitude stimulation. However, hybrid nanogenerators (HNGs) offer a promising solution to convert ocean energy into usable power efficiently. With their high sensitivity and flexible design, HNGs are ideal for low-frequency environments and remote ocean regions. Combining triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and electromagnetic nanogenerators (EMGs) creates a unique hybrid system that maximizes energy harvesting. Ultimately, hybrid energy-harvesting systems offer a sustainable and reliable solution for growing energy needs. This study provides an in-depth review of the latest research on ocean energy harvesting by hybrid systems, focusing on self-powered applications. The article also discusses primary hybrid designs for devices, powering self-powered units such as wireless communication systems, climate monitoring systems, and buoys as applications. The potential of HNGs is enormous, and with rapid advancements in research and fabrication, these systems are poised to revolutionize ocean energy harvesting. It outlines the pros and cons of HNGs and highlights the major challenges that must be overcome. Finally, future outlooks for hybrid energy harvesters are also discussed.

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“…The price spikes time series, however, exhibits a correlation between the magnitude of the spikes and the number of subsequent spikes suggesting a dependence of the underlying intensity function on the magnitude of observed spike events. Therefore, while testing the suitability of the original Hawkes model (10), denoted as Hawkes-I, on fitting the price spikes time series, we also propose implementing two variants of the basic model.…”

Section: Modified Hawkes Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, an increase in power supplied by solar-and wind-based renewable energy generators escalates the uncertainty in the availability of power since these sources depend on relatively uncertain primary sources of energy [9]. The management of these non-dispatchable energy resources introduces new significant challenges in the context of a competitive market environment [10]. However, the largest source of uncertainty is probably the strategies adopted by various companies during the bidding process as they jostle for a slice of the market share.…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hawkes Model Approach to Modeling Price Spikes in the Japanese Electricity Market

Adline

Ikeda

2023

Energies

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The Japan Electric Power Exchange (JEPX) provides a platform for the trading of electric energy in a manner similar to more traditional financial markets. As the number of market agents increase, there is an increasing need for effective price-forecasting models. Electricity price data are observed to exhibit periods of relatively stable, i.e., low-magnitude, low-variance prices interspersed with periods of higher prices accompanied by larger uncertainty. The price data time series therefore exhibits a temporal non-stationarity characteristic that is difficult to capture with typical time series modeling frameworks. In this paper, we implement models for the occurrence of price spike events where spikes are defined as observing prices above a predefined threshold set here at 25 JPY/kWh. This value corresponds to about the 90th percentile of observed prices during peak trading periods. The price spikes time series is observed to be rare events that occur in clusters. We therefore propose to model the data as a Hawkes process whereby the occurrence of a spike event increases the probability of observing more spikes in the period immediately following a price spike event. We test two variations of the classical Hawkes model: the first variation models the change in the magnitude of the underlying intensity as a function of the magnitude of the price spike while the second variation models the change in the decay rate of the underlying intensity as a function of the magnitude of the price spike. An analysis of the performance of the models based on the mean absolute error (MAE) of the spike occurrence probability, a weighted accuracy index, and the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) metrics shows the effectiveness of the variable magnitude variation of the Hawkes model in generating short-term forecasts of the occurrence of price spike events. The modified Hawkes model especially outperforms other candidate models as the length of the forecasting horizon increases.

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Analyzing Electricity Markets with Increasing Penetration of Large-Scale Renewable Power Generation

Cited by 10 publications

References 62 publications

Robust PID Control of EV Aggregator for C-FCAS Using Sequential Multi-Objective Optimization

Robust PID Control of EV Aggregator for C-FCAS Using Sequential Multi-Objective Optimization

Hybrid Nanogenerators for Ocean Energy Harvesting: Mechanisms, Designs, and Applications

A Hawkes Model Approach to Modeling Price Spikes in the Japanese Electricity Market

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