Analyzing driver-pedestrian interaction in a mixed-street environment using a driving simulator

Obeid, Hassan; Abkarian, Hoseb; Abou-Zeid, Maya; Kaysi, Isam

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2017.08.005

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There was no significant difference in scores (

(39.02) = −1.57,

= 0.13) between the control group (9.86 s) and the experimental one (8.42 s). This result shows that participants yielded to the pedestrian well before she started to cross (

, [ 36 , 45 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Drivers’ Braking Behavior Affected by Cognitive Distractions: An Experimental Investigation with a Virtual Car Simulator

Baldo

Marini

Miani

2020

Behavioral Sciences

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In this study, a cohort of 78 university students performed a driving experience in a virtual urban scenario, by means of a car driving simulator, to examine effects of a planned hands-free mobile phone conversation on young drivers’ braking behaviors. To this aim, a control group was left free to drive without any imposed cognitive task. An experimental group faced the same scenario while engaged in a phone call. The conversation via earphones was arranged to diminish the amount of cognitive resources allocated to the driving task. For both groups, the analyses focused on the moment at which a child entered a pedestrian crossing from a sidewalk. The results of a mixed two-way ANOVA showed the presence of a significant difference for distracted and non-distracted drivers with the absence of gender-related differences across the two groups. Distracted participants assumed lower initial speeds, took the first action to stop at shorter distances from the zebra crossing, and had more difficulty in keeping speed variations under control. These findings suggest that the distraction induced by the use of earphones may induce risk compensation behaviors and delay pedestrian perception. Moreover, the effects on the participants' braking behavior suggest that the procedure adopted to increase cognitive load, based on a story retelling, is an effective method to analyze the impact of hands-free cellphone use on driving skills in a car simulation experiment.

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“…There was no significant difference in scores (

(39.02) = −1.57,

= 0.13) between the control group (9.86 s) and the experimental one (8.42 s). This result shows that participants yielded to the pedestrian well before she started to cross (

, [ 36 , 45 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Drivers’ Braking Behavior Affected by Cognitive Distractions: An Experimental Investigation with a Virtual Car Simulator

Baldo

Marini

Miani

2020

Behavioral Sciences

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“…More specifically, a driving simulator study was conducted using the advanced driving simulator of the Department of Engineering (Roma Tre University). It is useful to highlight that several studies have showed the high potential and reliability of the driving simulation for studying the driver-pedestrian interaction (Chai, Zhao 2016;Bella, Silvestri 2016;Obeid et al 2017;Mollu et al 2018;Ābele et al 2019;Ryan et al 2019). For this aim, driving simulators are ideal tools because allow to conduct studies whose field survey is made impossible by the implicit high risks that the experimenters would be subjected to and the difficulty of ensuring controlled experimentation conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have investigated the behaviour of jaywalkers (Zhuang, Wu 2011Shaaban et al 2018), as well as the behaviour and reaction of the drivers in front of illegal crossings. These last topics were investigated only by Zheng et al (2015) and Bella, Nobili (2020), using instrumented vehicles and by Obeid et al (2017) and Tox-opeus et al (2018), using driving simulators. Zheng et al (2015) investigated the driver reaction to jaywalkers on the University of Florida (US) campus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main results highlighted that the average yield rate to jaywalkers was lower than that to pedestrians at permissible crossings, the average deceleration rates were higher in the case of illegal crossing and driver yielding decision point to jaywalkers was closer to the conflict point. Obeid et al (2017) carried out a driving simulator experiment to study the interaction between drivers and pedestrians in a mixed-street environment. Among main findings, they highlighted that drivers' behaviour in proximity of pedestrians tends to be statistically significantly less aggressive when their approach speed is lower and a crosswalk exists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vehicle–pedestrian Interactions Into and Outside of Crosswalks: Effects of Driver Assistance Systems

Bella¹,

Silvestri²

2021

Transport

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This study aimed to analyse the driver’s behaviour during the interaction with a pedestrian crossing into and outside the zebra crossing, and evaluate the effectiveness of two kinds of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) that provided to the driver an auditory alert, and a visual alert to detect the pedestrian. 42 participants joined the experiment conducted using the fixed-base driving simulator of the Department of Engineering (Roma Tre University). They experienced different crossing conditions (legal and illegal) and ADAS conditions (no ADAS, visual warning and auditory warning) in an urban scenario. The parameters Time-To-Arrive (TTA) and Speed Reduction Time (SRT) were obtained from the drivers’ speed profiles in the last 150 m in advance of the conflict point with the pedestrian. Results clearly showed the criticality of illegal crossings. When the pedestrian crossed outside of the crosswalk, the highest number of collision occurred and the ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) returned significant effects on both the dependent variables TTA and SRT, highlighting the higher criticality of the vehicle–pedestrian interaction and the more abrupt yielding manoeuvre. Positive effects (the vehicle–pedestrian interaction was less critical and the yielding manoeuvre was smoother) emerged for both the driver assistance systems, although not statistically significant. Besides, both the driver assistance systems positively affected the behaviour of the average cautious drivers. No significant effects of the warning systems were recorded on the aggressive drivers, which because of their behavioural characteristics ignored the warning alarm. In addition, no significant effects of the warning systems were recorded for the very cautious drivers, which adjusted their behaviour even before the alarm trigger. Finally, the outcomes of the questionnaire submitted to the participants highlighted the clear preference for the auditory warning, probably because of the different physical stimuli that are solicited by the warning signal. The results confirm that adequate pedestrian paths should be planned to avoid jaywalker conditions, which induce the driver to assume critical driving behaviour and provide useful findings of the effectiveness of driver assistance systems for pedestrian detection.

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“…Age was also a factor with Elias (2018) noting that 71% of the drivers below 24years of age were likely to get involved in fatal accidents in Israel. Female and older drivers were also found to stop more often when approach velocity was low [38]. Furthermore, rates of yielding were likely to be higher when the distance from the pedestrian to the vehicle was higher, when pedestrians were crossing in groups, while looking at the approaching driver.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle yielding probability estimation model at unsignalized midblock crosswalks in Shanghai, China

Malenje

Zhao

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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The vehicle-pedestrian encounter at midblock crosswalks in urban centers is inevitable but the challenge to urban transportation planners is in achieving a balance between traffic flow efficiency and pedestrian safety. Vehicles are expected to yield to pedestrians who have a right of way at the midblock unsignalized crosswalks but, failure to yield causes conflicts that at times are fatal. This study investigated the effect of macroscopic factors on the vehicle yielding. Six environmental factors are considered: temporal gap size, number of traffic lanes, number of waiting pedestrians, position of pedestrian (whether on street kerb or median), traffic flow direction and presence (or absence) of monitoring ePolice. Video Data on six observed variables that influenced vehicle yielding was collected from 13 uncontrolled crosswalk locations in Shanghai city in the Peoples Republic of China. A Logit model with a 95.9% accuracy was developed to describe the vehicle yielding behavior. The results showed that gap size and number of traffic lanes had the highest influence on driver yielding decision and that drivers were more likely to yield if ePolice was present. The sensitivity analysis was conducted and appropriate recommendations on improving the pedestrians crossing safety were proposed accordingly.

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Analyzing driver-pedestrian interaction in a mixed-street environment using a driving simulator

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Drivers’ Braking Behavior Affected by Cognitive Distractions: An Experimental Investigation with a Virtual Car Simulator

Drivers’ Braking Behavior Affected by Cognitive Distractions: An Experimental Investigation with a Virtual Car Simulator

Vehicle–pedestrian Interactions Into and Outside of Crosswalks: Effects of Driver Assistance Systems

Vehicle yielding probability estimation model at unsignalized midblock crosswalks in Shanghai, China

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