Analytically derived fixed termination time for stepwise inertial control of wind turbines—Part II: Application strategy

Guo, Yichen; Bao, Weiyu; Ding, Lei; Liu, Zhifan; Kheshti, Mostafa; Wu, Qiuwei; Terzija, Vladimir

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106106

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The proposed approach compensates the SFD by changing the dispatches of frequency response reserve in various independent nonsynchronous power grids. [116] To minimize the size of the SFD, which can be dangerous from the perspective of system frequency stability, a novel scheme is proposed in [118] and its application strategy is proposed in [119]. Comparing the conventional fast power reserve approaches, this scheme focuses on the correlation between the size of the SFD and the termination time of the frequency support from WTs.…”

Section: Control Techniques To Arrest Secondary Frequency Dipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [118], the optimal time for terminating the frequency support from WTs is analytically derived as fixed termination time to minimize the size of the SFD, but the parameters of the system frequency response model must be known. In [119], these parameters are estimated and the incremental active power of the fast power reserve approach is also determined. As such, the fixed termination time is suitable for practical application.…”

Section: Control Techniques To Arrest Secondary Frequency Dipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Smart frequency control in low inertia energy systems based on frequency response techniques: A review

Cheng

Azizipanah‐Abarghooee

Azizi

et al. 2020

Applied Energy

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117

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Section: Control Techniques To Arrest Secondary Frequency Dipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Control Techniques To Arrest Secondary Frequency Dipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart frequency control in low inertia energy systems based on frequency response techniques: A review

Cheng

Azizipanah‐Abarghooee

Azizi

et al. 2020

Applied Energy

Self Cite

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nowadays, the research of DFIG participating in frequency modulation has focused extensively on the improvement of methods, that is, to improve the secondary drop of frequency caused by wind turbine exiting frequency modulation by controlling the phase of wind turbine increasing output (overload phase) or the phase of rotor speed recovery after wind turbine exiting frequency modulation (speed recovery phase), but not much research has been done on the parameters of frequency modulation, such as incremental power, termination time, etc. To solve this problem, [10] gives the setting methods of the termination time of traditional inertia response respectively. Currently, the traditional inertia response approach of wind turbines has been largely phased out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the traditional inertia response approach of wind turbines has been largely phased out. However, existing methods such as those presented in [10] are not suitable for temporary primary frequency control. Thereby, in this paper, a parameter optimization method specifically for wind turbines employing temporary primary frequency control is proposed, and through simulation analysis, demonstrates that optimizing the control parameters can significantly reduce secondary frequency drops while making full use of the kinetic energy stored in the rotor of the wind turbine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter Optimization for Temporary Primary Frequency Control of Wind Turbines Based on Analytical Derivation

Wei

Jin

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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DFIG has the capability to participate in power system frequency modulation through inertial control by returning the energy stored in the rotating mass of the generator that is delivered to the grid. When frequency modulation occurs, the primary frequency drop can lead to a reduction in the rotor kinetic energy stored in the DFIG, which is subsequently used to produce extra active power to sustain the system frequency. However, once the available rotor kinetic energy is released, the output power of the DFIG abruptly drops to restore the rotor speed. To reduce the extent of the secondary frequency deviation caused by the inertial control of DFIGs, this paper applies an analytically derived approach to optimize the parameters of temporary primary frequency control during rotor speed recovery. Specifically, the parameters optimized include termination time and active power Simulation results conducted using DIGSILENT simulation software have demonstrated that the optimized temporary primary frequency control strategy is capable of effectively reducing the secondary frequency drop that may occur when the DFIG is removed from frequency control. Moreover, setting the optimal termination time and controlling the active power output while the rotor speed is being restored are crucial to prevent excessive mechanical wear and fatigue that may be induced by a too-rapid recovery of rotor speed.

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“…The SIC methods intend to enhance the frequency support effect of WTs with the implementation that is independent on frequency measurements [15][16][17]. Intuitively, the SIC is characterized with a fast response to frequency decline [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaussian Distribution-Based Inertial Control of Wind Turbine Generators for Fast Frequency Response in Low Inertia Systems

Kheshti

Lin

Zhao

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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According to recent grid codes, large-scale wind turbines (WTs) are required to provide fast frequency response (FFR). The existing stepwise inertial control methods suggest immediate incremental power injection by WTs, followed by the abrupt over-production termination to avoid over-deceleration of the rotor speed. These methods have a drawback that they impose severe secondary frequency drops (SFD), or they consider an unrealistic constant wind speed during their inertial control support. This paper proposes a novel Gaussian distribution-based inertial control (GDBIC) scheme that can improve the frequency nadir without rotor speed over-deceleration. Upon detecting a power imbalance, WT increases the output power with an incremental power and declines it following Gaussian distribution trajectory controlled by a standard deviation parameter, ensuring by this convergence of the rotor speed to a stable equilibrium. The proposed scheme is also capable of responding to a second cascade event. The performance of the GDBIC is tested on the wind-integrated IEEE 9-bus system and the IEEE 39-bus system in DIgSILENT PowerFactory. It is also compared with other methods reported in literature. Furthermore, experimental tests are used to verify the performance of the proposed scheme, using two different hardware-in-the-loop testing facilities. The blade fatigue is studied using Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence (FAST) Code. The simulation and experimental results showed that the release of the kinetic energy in rotors using the proposed GDBIC scheme allows significant improvement of the frequency nadir, with no SFD, as well as contribute to reliable operation during abrupt wind changes.

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Analytically derived fixed termination time for stepwise inertial control of wind turbines—Part II: Application strategy

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Smart frequency control in low inertia energy systems based on frequency response techniques: A review

Smart frequency control in low inertia energy systems based on frequency response techniques: A review

Parameter Optimization for Temporary Primary Frequency Control of Wind Turbines Based on Analytical Derivation

Gaussian Distribution-Based Inertial Control of Wind Turbine Generators for Fast Frequency Response in Low Inertia Systems

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