Analytical strategies for chemical characterization of bio‐oil

Abstract

Bio‐oils, produced by biomass pyrolysis, have become promising candidates for feedstocks of high value‐added chemicals and alternative sources for transportation fuels. Bio‐oil is such a complicated mixture that contains nonpolar hydrocarbons and polar components which cover almost all kinds of organic oxygenated compounds such as carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, furfurals, phenolic compounds, sugar‐like material, and lignin‐derived compounds. Comprehensive characterization of bio‐oil and its subfractions could provide insight into the conversion process of biomass processing, as well as its further utilization as transportation fuels or chemical raw materials. This review focuses on advanced analytical strategies on in‐depth characterization of bio‐oil, which is concerned with gas chromatography, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, FTIR spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy, offering complementary information for previous reviews.

Hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces for oil–water separation via a gradient of ammonia content controlling of dopamine oxidative self‐polymerization

“…11 However, the using of absorbent materials has been considering as one of the efficient methods compared with other technologies, which were suffered from low-separation efficiency, high operation cost, secondary pollution, poor materials stability, and recyclability. Whereas, the oil sorbents, including activated carbon, 12 silica aerogel, 13 zeolite, 14 nanoparticles and nanocomposites, 15 sponges or sponge-like materials, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] have been regarded as ideal candidates for oily water remedy due to their inherent high porosity and large surface areas. Unfortunately, in general, most of these absorption materials lack selectivity or exhibit low-separation efficiency since they absorb both water and oils.…”

Effective Biotransformation of Variety of Guaiacyl Lignin Monomers Into Vanillin by Bacillus pumilus

“…The liquid, char, and gas derived from biomass were obtained with pyrolysis techniques at 400–650°C ( Dai et al, 2020 ). Among them, the liquid bio-oil contains a variety of value-added chemicals from lignin ( Wang et al, 2020 ). The sources of lignocellulosic biomass and the operating conditions of pyrolysis generally influence the final composition of the products in bio-oil ( Wang et al, 2019 ).…”

Bio-Oil: The Next-Generation Source of Chemicals

“…As sources of various chemical entities, the refinement of bio-oil and separation processes should be applied in other industries in need of platform chemicals. Conveniently, processes such as supercritical extraction, membrane separations, solid-liquid extractions, solvent extraction, and others are described in existing reviews and works [127,[150][151][152], as is also the case for the adequate analytic characterization of bio-oil for chemical applications [153][154][155][156].…”