“…In addition, these equations involve second-order (Burnett type) and third-order (super-Burnett type) derivatives of flow quantities such as density, temperature and velocity. This poses challenges for numerical solution techniques, and analytical solutions are generally not possible with few exceptions Singh, Gavasane & Agrawal 2014). Despite these challenges, these hydrodynamics models have been successfully applied to low-speed rarefied problems, for which a number of important rarefied phenomena have been captured (Zohar et al 2002;He, Tang & Pu 2008;Gu, Emerson & Tang 2009;Agrawal & Dongari 2011;Rana, Torrilhon & Struchtrup 2013;Singh, Dongari & Agrawal 2013;Akintunde & Petculescu 2014;Khalil, Garzó & Santos 2014;Rahimi & Struchtrup 2014;, and have also been applied to hypersonic flows (Agarwal et al 2001), for which a simplified set of conventional Burnett equations was recently proposed specifically for rarefied hypersonic flows (Zhao, Chen & Agarwal 2014).…”