Analytical prediction of void distribution and a minimum-void angle in anisotropic fabrics for radial injection resin transfer molding

Matsuzaki, Ryosuke; Naito, Masaki; Seto, Daigo; Todoroki, Akira; Mizutani, Yoshihiro

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2016.80

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…14 Some exotic angles of resin flow are also studied in literature, e.g. in the literature, 42,43 which are explained further in the current section.…”

Section: Void Formation Causes and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…52 The same authors experimentally studied the effect of resin flow angle relative to the angle of an anisotropic fabric preform on void content. 42 They found that with changing the flow angle from 0 to 90 , void content reaches a minimum value, corresponding to the trade-off between inter-tow and intra-tow impregnation. From the observations on the change of impregnation directions with the resin flow angle, they derived an analytical model that can predict void content at any arbitrary resin flow angle as well as the minimum-void angle for a given flow velocity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance

Mehdikhani

Gorbatikh

Verpoest

2018

Journal of Composite Materials

547

305

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Voids, the most studied type of manufacturing defects, form very often in processing of fiber-reinforced composites. Due to their considerable influence on physical and thermomechanical properties of composites, they have been extensively studied, with the focus on three research tracks: void formation, characteristics, and mechanical effects. Investigation of voids in composites started around half a century ago and is still an active research field in composites community. This is because of remaining unknowns and uncertainties about voids as well as difficulties in their suppression in modern manufacturing techniques like out-of-autoclave curing and parts with high complexity, further complicated by increased viscosity of modified resins. Finally, this is because of the increasing interest in realization of more accurate void rejection limits that would tolerate some voidage. The current study reviews the research on formation, characterization, and mechanical effects of voids, which has been conducted over the past five decades. Investigation and control of void formation, using experimental and modeling approaches, in liquid composite molding as well as in prepreg composite processing are surveyed. Techniques for void characterization with their advantages and disadvantages are described. Finally, the effect of voids on a broad range of mechanical properties, including inter-laminar shear, tensile, compressive, and flexural strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue life, is appraised. Both experimental and simulation approaches and results, concerning voids' effects, are reviewed.

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“…14 Some exotic angles of resin flow are also studied in literature, e.g. in the literature, 42,43 which are explained further in the current section.…”

Section: Void Formation Causes and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance

Mehdikhani

Gorbatikh

Verpoest

2018

Journal of Composite Materials

547

305

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The permeabilities of yarn can be obtained from empirical formula, such as the widely used Gebart model [25] shown in Equation 4:…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling Of Void Formation 31 Meso and Micro mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretical analysis method was adopted in Refs. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] to analyze the micro and meso flows in a unit cell, and void formation prediction models were established by comparing the flow velocity difference. The shape, size and position of the formed void in the unit cell can be predicted and the relation between void content and Ca* can be explained properly based on the models, so the theoretical analysis method has been widely approved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of horizontal shift between fabric layers on the meso-scale-void formation in liquid composite molding

Bai¹,

Zhao²,

Bi³

et al. 2019

Express Polym. Lett.

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Accurate prediction of void content is the foundation of process optimization for Liquid Composite Molding (LCM). During mold filling, void formation is a three-dimensional flow process, while at present the void formation is treated as a result of in-plane air entrapment, the resin and air flows on the thickness direction are totally neglected. In this paper, resin flows in the adjacent layers are considered to analyze the three-dimensional air entrapment and the meso-scalevoid formation. Firstly, the horizontal shift between fabric layers is analyzed, the mesopore coverage modes under different shift states are summarized. Then based on the mathematical models of micro and meso flows, the three-dimensional void entrapment processes under different cladding flow modes are studied in detail, a mathematical model for the prediction of meso-scale-void formation is established. Finally, a series of mold filling and void measurement experiments are carried out to verify the above model.

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“…Park et al [7] presented a model to address the void formations in mesopores as well as in micropores. Matuzaki and coworkers [23,24] constructed a mathematical model for meso-scale-void formation in a geometrically anisotropic woven fabric, the model has been applied to calculate the minimumvoid angle for radial injection LCM. Yang and coworkers [25,26] studied the influence of flow direction, fabric shear and inter layer shift on the inplane air entrapment during LCM, void prediction models on different conditions were established and validated by experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling meso-scale-void formation during through-thickness flow in liquid composite molding

Bai¹,

Bi²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Express Polym. Lett.

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Void formation during in-plane flow has been widely researched, while the void prediction method for throughthickness flow has not been reported, which restricts the effective quality control for through-thickness permeating type liquid composite molding (LCM). In this paper, the structural morphology and connectivity of mesopores in multi-layer woven fabrics have been studied, the difference between intra-yarn and inter-yarn flow paths during through-thickness permeating has been analyzed, and the air entrapment processes in different types of mesopores have been revealed. Based on the modeling of micro and meso through-thickness flow, a mathematical model to predict the formation and size of mesoscale-void has been established, the variation of intra-yarn flow path under different compaction conditions has been analyzed to guarantee the precision of the model. Experimental method has been designed to measure the size of meso-scale-void formed during through-thickness LCM, comparisons between prediction and experimental results have demonstrated the correctness of the above model.

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Analytical prediction of void distribution and a minimum-void angle in anisotropic fabrics for radial injection resin transfer molding

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance

Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance

Effect of horizontal shift between fabric layers on the meso-scale-void formation in liquid composite molding

Modeling meso-scale-void formation during through-thickness flow in liquid composite molding

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