Analytical model of three-phase four-wire VSC operating as grid forming power converter under unbalanced load conditions

Nascimento, Claudionor F.; Diene, Oumar; Watanabe, Edson H.

doi:10.1109/peds.2017.8289287

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the case of unbalanced AC loads, four-wire topologies are employed in place of the classical three-wire inverters due to their built-in feature to handle zero-sequence components of both voltages and currents [1]. Typical applications for this kind of topology are grid-forming converters [2,3], shunt power filters [4,5], active rectifiers [6][7][8][9][10], electric drives [11], and battery chargers for electric vehicles [12][13][14]. Recently, these converters have been considered for trending smart EV chargers that are featuring vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-home (V2H), or even vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) operating modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering three-phase four-wire split capacitor inverters, DC-link voltage ripples for low order harmonics were calculated in [4,15]. A detailed analysis of positive, negative, and zero symmetric voltage components for the same topology is provided in [2]. An exhaustive study of the DC-link voltage ripple with respect to the switching frequency was given for both the total DC-link voltage and the capacitor voltages in [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of DC-Link Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Inverters

Mandrioli¹,

Viatkin²,

Hammami³

et al. 2021

Energies

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This paper presents a thorough prediction of DC-link voltage switching ripples in the three-phase four-leg inverters operating in balanced and unbalanced working conditions. The unbalanced modes examined here employ the highest degree of AC current imbalance while still preserving three-phase operation. This behavior can be found in many grid-connected or standalone grid-forming three-phase converters that supply “heavy” single-phase loads, comprising a recent trend in smart-grid, smart electric vehicle (EV)-charging applications. In this sense, for instance, the smart EV chargers might be employed in conditions when different power is drawn/injected from/to the grid, providing power conditioning services to the latter. The analysis of three-phase four-leg inverters is then extended to single-phase operations typical of home-charging or vehicle-to-home (V2H) applications. Their performances in terms of DC-link voltage switching ripple are demonstrated. Two of the most common carrier-based PWM modulation techniques are employed to drive the three-phase inverter—namely, sinusoidal PWM and centered PWM (carrier-based analogy of the space vector modulation). The derived mathematical expressions of peak-to-peak and RMS values of DC-link voltage switching ripple for balanced and unbalanced conditions are handy for designing the associated DC-link capacitor and estimating the overall efficiency of the converter. Extensive numerical simulations and experimental tests have been performed to validate the presented analytical developments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of DC-Link Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Inverters

Mandrioli¹,

Viatkin²,

Hammami³

et al. 2021

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Particular attention to this feature has been drawn by developing a new generation of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructures that are moving towards smart services known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-for-grid (V4G), where four wire front-end solutions are widely adopted [6]. Among the multiple topologies available in the literature/market, three topologies are commonly utilized: split-capacitor [7,8], four-leg [6,9], and independently controlled neutral module [10]. These voltage source inverters (VSIs) can either have or do not have a neutral inductor in the fourth wire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive AC Current Ripple Analysis and Performance Enhancement via Discontinuous PWM in Three-Phase Four-Leg Grid-Connected Inverters

et al. 2020

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A complete analysis of the ac output current ripple in four-leg voltage source inverters considering multiple modulation schemes is provided. In detail, current ripple envelopes and peak-to-peak profiles have been determined in the whole fundamental period and a comprehensive method providing the current ripple rms has been achieved, all of them as a function of the modulation index. These characteristics have been determined for both phase and neutral currents, considering the most popular common-mode injection schemes. Particular attention has been paid to the performance of discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) methods, including DPWMMAX and DPWMMIN, and their four most popular combinations DPWM0, DPWM1, DPWM2, and DPWM3. Furthermore, a comparison with a few continuous techniques (sinusoidal, centered pulse width modulations, and third harmonic injection) has been provided as well. Moreover, the average switching frequency and switching losses are analyzed, determining which PWM technique ensures minimum output current ripple within the linear modulation range at different assumptions. Numerical simulations and laboratory tests have been conducted to extensively verify all the analytical claims for all the considered PWM injections.

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“…Three-phase, four-wire, voltage-source inverters (VSIs) are employed in different power electronic applications, mainly involving unbalanced loads. They are currently adopted in grid-forming inverters [1], electric drives [2], active rectifiers [3], and shunt active filter [4] applications due to their inherent ability to deal with the zero-sequence voltage and current components. Another emerging application for this kind of topology is electric vehicle (EV) battery chargers, owing to the expansion of electric vehicles (EVs) on the world's roads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Input Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Wire Split Capacitor PWM Inverters

et al. 2020

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Three-phase, four-wire split capacitor inverters are currently employed in many applications, such as photovoltaic systems, battery chargers for electric vehicles, active power filters, and, in general, in all grid-tied applications that deal with possible grid voltage and/or current unbalances. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the capacitor-switching voltage ripple and dc-link switching voltage ripple for the three-phase, four-wire, split capacitor inverters. Specifically, analytical formulations of the peak-to-peak and rms values of the voltage ripples are originally pointed out in this paper and determined in the case of balanced three-phase and unbalanced (two-phase and single-phase) output (ac) currents. The obtained results can help in designing the considered inverter and sizing of the dc-link capacitors. Reference is made to the sinusoidal PWM modulation and sinusoidal three-phase output currents with an almost unity power factor, representing a grid-connected application. Extensive numerical simulations have been carried out to thoroughly verify all the analytical developments presented in this paper. Furthermore, some experimental tests, having balanced output currents on the ac side, have been accomplished, validating numerical simulations and analytical developments.

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Analytical model of three-phase four-wire VSC operating as grid forming power converter under unbalanced load conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Prediction of DC-Link Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Inverters

Prediction of DC-Link Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Inverters

A Comprehensive AC Current Ripple Analysis and Performance Enhancement via Discontinuous PWM in Three-Phase Four-Leg Grid-Connected Inverters

Analysis of Input Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Wire Split Capacitor PWM Inverters

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