Analytical methods for dating modern writing instrument inks on paper

Ezcurra, Magdalena; Góngora, Juan M. G.; Maguregui, Itxaso; Alonso, Rosa M.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.11.013

Cited by 105 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therefore, it is better to use analytical techniques that can identify the variety of chemicals from which writing inks are composed [4]. The following dyes are most commonly used as a part of blue writing ink: victoria blue (VB), rhodamine B and 6G, the methyl violet group of dyes (pararosaniline with four, five or six methyl groups), crystal violet (CV), methyl violet (MV), tetramethyl-pararosaniline (TPR) and copper phthalocyanine, which has been used in ink dye manufacturing since 1954 [5]. Initially, oleic, castor, and mineral (petroleum) oils were used as solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Aging Processes of Writing Ink: Raman Spectroscopy versus Gas Chromatography Aspects

Grechukha¹,

Gorshkova

Panov

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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This work is devoted to the extremely popular but poorly developed scientific and forensic problem of the estimation of the actual dates of inscriptions placed on paper and made by ballpoint pens. It is shown that the degradation of writing inks with time may be controlled via Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The time intervals for the implementation of each of these methods were determined using the ratios of the Raman peak intensities as degradation characteristics rather than their absolute values. In turn, this eliminates the effect of the concentration of a dye. The mutual influence of the volatile components and dyes of writing inks was also investigated and the time interval within which such influence is critical was found. According to the obtained results, a new methodological scheme for determining the age of documents, which were created at least 40 months ago, was proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Aging Processes of Writing Ink: Raman Spectroscopy versus Gas Chromatography Aspects

Grechukha¹,

Gorshkova

Panov

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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“…In this sense, the evaluation of pen inks used to produce manuscripts can help in the counterfeits identification [3,4] and the analysis of inks in paper is an important area in documentoscopy [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive identification of blue pen inks for documentoscopy purpose using iPhone and digital image analysis including an approach for interval confidence estimation in PLS-DA models validation

Valderrama

2016

Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems

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“…27 However, there is limited research in the open literature considering the effects of ageing on inks characterised using chemometric methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ studies into the characterisation and degradation of blue ballpoint inks by diffuse reflectance visible spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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blue ballpoint inks sourced from Western Australian retailers were deposited onto commercial copy paper and analysed using diffuse reflectance visible spectroscopy. Principal component analysis showed that while several pens were clearly distinguishable based on their visible spectra alone, others exhibited overlap. Linear discriminant analysis was then used to build a chemometric model for the classification of the inks. Using a separate validation set, 71.7% of spectra were correctly assigned to a specific pen, and a further 16.7% to the correct pen supplier. Analysis of six pen inks stored under different conditions found the inks remained chemically stable for at least two months when stored in the dark. However, two inks exhibited spectral changes within one week under ambient light, and all but one ink displayed changes within two months, resulting in altered predictions using the chemometric model. This may be useful in cases of alleged fraud, where it is suspected that an ink entry may have been altered using the same pen at a later date. Artificial ageing experiments found that both heat and ultraviolet light play a role in the ageing process, and that accelerated ageing using these factors gives a reasonable depiction of short-term ageing under natural conditions.

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Analytical methods for dating modern writing instrument inks on paper

Cited by 105 publications

References 25 publications

Analysis of the Aging Processes of Writing Ink: Raman Spectroscopy versus Gas Chromatography Aspects

Analysis of the Aging Processes of Writing Ink: Raman Spectroscopy versus Gas Chromatography Aspects

Nondestructive identification of blue pen inks for documentoscopy purpose using iPhone and digital image analysis including an approach for interval confidence estimation in PLS-DA models validation

In situ studies into the characterisation and degradation of blue ballpoint inks by diffuse reflectance visible spectroscopy

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