Analytical methodology for sampling and analysing eight siloxanes and trimethylsilanol in biogas from different wastewater treatment plants in Europe

Understanding the effects of the origin, occurrence, monitoring, control, fate and removal of siloxanes on the energetic valorization of sewage biogas—A review

“…Different sampling techniques both for biogas and air samples have been assessed: metallic canisters [1], Tedlars bags [12,58], adsorbent tubes [7,40,[57][58][59]61] impingers [58] and passive air samplers [65]. The different sampling techniques have advantages and disadvantages; for example, Tedlars bags, despite not having the ability to concentrate the sample compared to other sampling methods, are easy and quick to use and are well accepted by WWTP operators.…”

“…Tables 3 and 4 summarize the analytical methodology used for biogas and air matrices. Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is the most commonly used technique [6,7,12,[58][59][60][61], but other detection equipment such as photoionization detectors (PIDs) [57,62], flame ionization detectors (FIDs) [63] and even direct analysis by atmospheric pressure ionization and mass spectrometry (APCI-MS/MS) [64] have also been employed.…”

“…Within this context, [66] showed that biogas samples stored in commercial Tedlars bags with polypropylene fittings were more stable than those stored in bags with stainless steel fittings. On the other hand, if really low concentrations are expected (e.g., downstream a biogas treatment system), adsorbent tubes or impingers are recommended [58].…”

“…Although several studies regarding off-line analysis of both biogas and air matrices have already been published [12,[56][57][58], it should be noted that there is not a standard method for the analysis of VMS in a gaseous matrix. Tables 3 and 4 summarize the analytical methodology used for biogas and air matrices.…”

Development of a method for determination of VOCs (including methylsiloxanes) in biogas by TD-GC/MS analysis using Supel™ Inert Film bags and multisorbent bed tubes

“…However, toluene and D3, 418 and ester concentrations were one order of magnitude higher and lower, respectively, on 419 14 January 2014. These differences could be attributed to changes in the operating 420 conditions of biogas production and/or in the raw materials used in the digestion process 421 [19,22]. t e r t -m e t h y l b u t y l e t h e r t e t r a h y d r o f u r a n a c e t o n i t r i l e e t h a n o l …”