Analytical Method for the Determination of Urinary Alkylphosphates in Subjects Occupationally Exposed to Organophosphorus Pesticides and in the General Population

Aprea, Cristina; Sciarra, Gianfranco; Lunghini, Liana

doi:10.1093/jat/20.7.559

Cited by 72 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Analyses were undertaken by ID GC-MS/MS to evaluate background levels of six organophosphate metabolites: diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP), dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), and dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP). These metabolites are common to 1 or more of 28 different organophosphates, as shown in Table 1, and have been measured extensively in biological samples as specific indicators of both occupational and environmental exposure to organophosphate pesticides (38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of organophosphate metabolites in postpartum meconium as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: a validation study.

Whyatt

Barr

2001

Environ Health Perspect

144

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Experimental data have linked exposure to prenatal organophosphates to adverse neurocognitive sequalae. However, epidemiologic research has been hampered by lack of reliable dosimeters. Existing biomarkers reflect short-term exposure only. Measurements of pesticides in postpartum meconium may yield a longer-term dosimeter of prenatal exposure. As the initial step in biomarker validation, this research determined background levels, detection limits, and stabilities of six organophosphate metabolites in meconium: diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP), dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), and dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP). Calibration curves were also constructed. The meconium was collected from 20 newborns at New York Presbyterian Hospital; analyses were undertaken at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). DEP was detected in 19/20 samples (range 0.8-3.2 microg/g) and DETP was detected in 20/20 (range 2.0-5.6 microg/g). DMP and DEDTP were each detected in 1/20 (at 16 and 1.8 microg/g, respectively). DMTP and DMDTP were not detected. Detection limits were comparable to or lower than those in urine; levels were similar to those seen in adult urine in population-based research. Metabolites were stable at room temperature over 12 hr. Calibration curves were linear over the range tested (0.5-400 microg/g); recoveries ranged from 18% to 66%. Using isotope dilution, recoveries of each analyte in individual samples can be corrected automatically based on the recovery of the respective stable isotope-labeled analogue, making this method fully quantitative. Results indicate that measurements of organophosphate metabolites in meconium have promise as biomarkers of prenatal exposure. Further research is needed to determine the time frame of exposure represented by pesticide levels in meconium and to evaluate the dose-response relationship.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of organophosphate metabolites in postpartum meconium as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: a validation study.

Whyatt

Barr

2001

Environ Health Perspect

144

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“…A spot morning urine sample was collected from each participant before semen sample collection and frozen (-70°C) until analysis. We measured OP metabolites dimethylphosphate (DMP), diethylphosphate (DEP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), and diethylthiophosphate (DETP) at CINVESTAV according to Aprea et al (20). We calculated total dialkylphosphates (DAP) as the sum of the five metabolites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorous Pesticide Exposure Increases the Frequency of Sperm Sex Null Aneuploidy

Recio¹,

Robbins²,

Ocampo-Gomez³

et al. 2001

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Metabolites from these compounds will therefore differ from the six dialkyl phosphates mentioned above. Two laboratories have published methods for the dialkyl phosphate assay recently ( Aprea et al, 1996;Moate et al, 1999 ), and population surveys of these …”

Section: Methyl Parathion 1998mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strategies for assessing children's pesticide exposures metabolites are underway in some countries (Aprea et al, 1996 ). The limits of detection for the dialkyl phosphates are now in the range of 1 ± 10 g /l (1 ±10 ppb ), and these methods demonstrate good accuracy and precision.…”

Section: Fenske Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for assessing children's organophosphorus pesticide exposures in agricultural communities

Fenske

Simcox

et al. 2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Children can be exposed to pesticides from multiple sources and through multiple pathways. In addition to the standard pathways of diet, drinking water and residential pesticide use, children in agricultural communities can be exposed to pesticides used in agricultural production. A research program on children and pesticides was established at the University of Washington ( UW ) in 1991 and has focused on two major exposure pathway issues: residential proximity to pesticide -treated farmland and transfer of pesticides from the workplace to the home ( paraoccupational or take -home exposure ) . The UW program selected preschool children of agricultural producers and farm workers in the tree fruit region of Washington state as a population that was likely to have elevated exposures from these pathways. The organophosphorus ( OP ) pesticides were selected as a common class of chemicals for analysis so that issues of aggregate exposure and cumulative risk could be addressed. This paper provides an overview of key findings of our research group over the past 8 years and describes current studies in this field. Soil and housedust concentrations of OP pesticides were elevated in homes of agricultural families ( household members engaged in agricultural production ) when compared to non -agricultural reference homes in the same community. Dialkyl phosphate metabolites of OP pesticides measured in children's urine were also elevated for agricultural children when compared to reference children and when compared to children in the Seattle metropolitan area. Proximity to farmland was associated with increased OP pesticide concentrations in housedust and OP pesticide metabolites in urine. Current studies include a community -based intervention to reduce parental transfer of pesticides from the workplace, and a systematic investigation of the role of agricultural spray drift in children's exposure to pesticides.

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Analytical Method for the Determination of Urinary Alkylphosphates in Subjects Occupationally Exposed to Organophosphorus Pesticides and in the General Population

Cited by 72 publications

References 14 publications

Measurement of organophosphate metabolites in postpartum meconium as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: a validation study.

Measurement of organophosphate metabolites in postpartum meconium as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: a validation study.

Organophosphorous Pesticide Exposure Increases the Frequency of Sperm Sex Null Aneuploidy

Strategies for assessing children's organophosphorus pesticide exposures in agricultural communities

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