Analytical Investigation of Cymbopogon citratus and Exploiting the Potential of Developed Silver Nanoparticle Against the Dominating Species of Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Indian biodiversity is a hub for medicinal plants. Extensive research has been carried out to select plants with numerous properties which can be used for human welfare. Present research is about Cymbopogon citratus , an economically valuable medicinal plant. In this study Cymbopogon citratus was elected as a subject plant over the five selected plants ( Azadirachta indica , Plumeria obtuse , Sapindus mukorossi , Capsicum annuum and Phyllanthus emblica ) on the basis of antibacterial effect against dominating pathogenic species of gram positive ( Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis ) and gram negative ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli ) bacteria. Further, bioactive agents behind antibacterial potential of Cymbopogon citratus was analyzed using analytical method (Phyto-chemical, FTIR, NMR and GC-MS). Due to the broad antimicrobial spectrum, silver nanoparticles have turned into a noteworthy decision for the improvement of new medication. Therefore, this investigation further elaborated in the development of Cymbopogon citratus silver nano-particles (CNPs). Antibacterial potential of CNPs examine in a range of C 25 –C 150 (μg/ml) through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) where, C 25 (μg/ml) concentration of CNPs were recorded as the MIC for all bacterial species and C 25 (μg/ml) and C 50 (μg/ml) noted as the MBC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis , respectively. In agar disk diffusion assay of CNPs, maximum diameter of zone of inhibition was observed for C 150 (μg/ml) concentration Bacillus cereus (20.12 ± 0.42), Bacillus licheniformis (22.34 ± 0.4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35.23 ± 0.46) and Escherichia coli (31.87 ± 0.24). Involvement of bioactive component as a reducing and capping agent can be confirmed through FTIR spectrum of CNPs. Moreover XRD, EDXRF and SEM showed crystalline and cuboidal nature of CNPs with ∼ 35 nm sizes. Prominently, cytotoxic analysis was conducted to understand the toxic effect of CNPs. This research highlights the potential of CNPs due to the bioactive components present in Cymbopogon citratus extract: Polyphenols (phenol; 1584.56 ± 16.32 mg/L, Flavanoids) and mixture of terpenoids (Citral, Myrcene, Farnesol, β-myrcene and β –Pinene)

A Critical Review of the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Green-Synthesized Plant-Based Metallic Nanoparticles

“…Green copper nanoparticles exhibiting antimicrobial activity; Table S7. Antimicrobial green-synthesized iron nanoparticles [ 465 , 466 , 467 , 468 , 469 , 470 , 471 , 472 , 473 , 474 , 475 , 476 , 477 , 478 , 479 , 480 , 481 , 482 , 483 , 484 , 485 , 486 , 487 , 488 , 489 , 490 , 491 , 492 , 493 , 494 , 495 , 496 , 497 , 498 , 499 , 500 , 501 , 502 , 503 , 504 , 505 , 506 , 507 , 508 , 509 , 510 , 511 , 512 , 513 ...…”

Antifungal effects of tulsi, garlic, cinnamon and lemongrass in powder and oil form on Candida albicans

“…These findings are also similar to Tyagi and Malik,[ 7 ] Abe et al .,[ 8 ] Basera et al . [ 9 ] (2019), and Madeira et al . [ 10 ] found inhibition zone of 12 mm, 11 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm, and 7.5 mm at concentration of 0.63 mg/ml, 0.31 mg/ml, 0.16 mg/ml, 0.08 mg/ml and 0.04 mg/ml, respectively, which is similar to our findings that zone of inhibition increases with the increase in the concentration of lemongrass powder.…”

Ethnobotanical study of traditional steam bath bafufu in Lako Akediri Village, West Halmahera, Indonesia

“…The typical chemical compounds produced by Gramakusu (C. citratus) include citral a, citral b (Leite et al 2014), b-myrcene, neral, geranial (Boukhatem et al 2014), and geranial (Basera et al 2019). The content of citral a and citral b act as antifungal since both compounds can inhibit the growth of C. albicans (Leite et al 2014).…”

“…Based on research by Boukhatem et al (2014), the essential oil of C. citratus has activity as antifungal and antiinflammation. Meanwhile, the geraniol compound has a potent antimicrobial activity after mixing with the myrcene compound found in this species (Basera et al 2019). Cymbopogon citratus also produces a fragrant aroma of essential oils and the smells like lemon because it contains citral compound up to 85% (Zaituni et al 2016).…”