Analytical equations for compact dual frequency microstrip antenna

Abstract

Design equations are presented for calculating the resonance frequencies for a compact dual frequency arrow-shaped microstrip antenna. This provides a fast and simple way to predict the resonant frequencies of the antenna. The antenna is also analyzed using the IE3D simulation package. The theoretical predictions are found to be very close to the IE3D results and thus establish the validity of the design formulae.

Improved formulas for the resonant frequencies of dual frequency arrow shaped compact microstrip antenna

“…Lately, a dual frequency arrow-shaped CMA with considerable size reduction approximately 65%, with similar radiation characteristics to those of an equivalent rectangular microstrip antenna was presented and verified by simulation and experiment [8,11,12] and, it is shown in Figure 1. The empirical approximate design formulas for this CMA with the coaxial feed or electromagnetically coupled feed have also been proposed to estimate the resonant frequencies at TM 10 and TM 01 modes [8,11,12].…”

“…The resonant frequency results achieved are compared with the available simulation results and also theoretical results of the design formulas previously published in the literature [8,11,12]. It is illustrated that the new formulas derived by utilizing the differential evolution provide accurate results within lower total absolute errors with respect to the previous analyses [8,11,12]. The differential evolution is a simple, fast, and robust evolutionary algorithm that has proven effective in determining the global optimum for general type of numeric optimization problems.…”

“…(5) and (6) are derived empirically [8,11,12], and these can be used with their own accuracy and computational effort to calculate the resonant frequencies of the antenna. The goal of this work is to provide both the simple and accurate expressions for S eff and W eff in designing of the arrow-shaped CMA.…”

“…The empirical approximate design formulas for this CMA with the coaxial feed or electromagnetically coupled feed have also been proposed to estimate the resonant frequencies at TM 10 and TM 01 modes [8,11,12]. This antenna resonates at two frequencies corresponding to its effective width and length.…”

“…By using the simulation data given in [11], the simple closed-form formulas for TM 10 and TM 01 mode resonant frequencies are derived by means of differential evolution algorithm [25]. The resonant frequency results achieved are compared with the available simulation results and also theoretical results of the design formulas previously published in the literature [8,11,12]. It is illustrated that the new formulas derived by utilizing the differential evolution provide accurate results within lower total absolute errors with respect to the previous analyses [8,11,12].…”