Analytical application of square wave voltammetry

Krause, Matthew; Ramaley, Louis

doi:10.1021/ac60280a008

Cited by 112 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…C , = 0 for 0 5 t I t, and 0 I x I .x, [32] C, = C-Q,, which is valid for a reversible reaction, yields Average current is obtained by integrating 1331 according to [2] which produces Equations 1331 a~i d [34] are conlpletely general in that ally potential or time sequence may be appliedsymmetry with regard to potential changes or time periods is not required -and they nlay be used for linear or cyclic sweeps with symmetric or asymmetric pulse trains. When a symmetric pulse train is used (square wave polarography), the following equations apply:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even with very short drop times, such analyses are quite lengthy. Superimposition of a square wave on a potential sweep and application of the result to a stationary electrode has been used to reduce analysis time considerably (1,2). based on single drop square wave polarography (SDSWP) has been described (10) and an alternate drop technique which provides a flatter baseline in SDSWP has been proposed (1 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single drop square wave polarography

Ramaley¹,

Tan²

1981

Can. J. Chem.

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LOUIS RAMALEY and WEE TEE TAN. Can. J. Chem. 59, 3326 (1981) The theory of square wave voltammetry for reversible electrode reactions is expanded to include average currents and currents flowing to a growing drop (single drop square wave polarography) using an expanding plane model. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment was found for the reduction of Fe(III), good agreement for the reduction of Cd(I1). The expanding plane model proved superior, but not greatly superior to the simpler theory. For the case of average current the effect on the polarogram of the times at which integration is started and stopped is discussed. Integration decreases sensitivity but increases signal-to-noise ratio. The conditions for maximum analytical usefulness are presented.LOUIS RAMALEY et WEE TEE TAN. Can. . I . Chem. 59. 3326 (1981) En utilisant un modele plan elargi. on a developpe la theorie de la voltametrie en signaux carrCs pour des reactions reversibles d'electrode dans le but d'inclure les courants moyens et les courants circulants dans une goutte en formation (polarographie en signaux carres d'une goutte unique). L'accord est excellent entre la theorie et I'experience dans le cas de la riduction de Fe(II1) et il est bon dans le cas de la reduction de Cd(I1). L e modele plan elargi se revele superieur, mais il ne surpasse pas la theorie la plus simple. On discute de I'effet. du temps de depart et d'arret de I'integration. sur le polarogramme dans le cas du courant moyen. L'integration diminue la sensibilite mais augmente le rapport signallbruit. On propose des conditions qui conferent a ce modele une grande utilite du point de vue analytique.[Traduit par le journal] Introduction Traditionally, pulse and square wave polarography have been techniques in which the current is sampled a t only one potential on each mercury drop. Construction of the entire polarograni thus requires several hundred drops. Even with very short drop times, such analyses are quite lengthy. Superimposition of a square wave on a potential sweep and application of the result to a stationary electrode has been used to reduce analysis time considerably (1, 2).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single drop square wave polarography

Ramaley¹,

Tan²

1981

Can. J. Chem.

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“…On the other hand square wave (SQW) voltammetry affords high sensitivity with fast analysis time and this is because of zero background charging current. An excellent material for supplementary reading is suggested to acquire necessary understanding of CV and SQW voltammetry [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Both, CV and SQW voltammetry were employed to examine IBP and PCM in water.…”

Section: Ibuprofen Paracetamolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Electrochemical Approach for Determination and Direct Monitoring of Drug Degradation in Water

Soomro¹,

Ismail²,

Hameed³

et al. 2013

Curr World Environ

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“…This phenomenon was observed in electroreduction of hydrogen [8,9], chloropyridines [12], and paraquet [13], in electrooxidation of bismuth [7], aluminum [14], and methanol [15], in the passivation of cobalt electrode [16], and in the anodic evolution of oxygen [17]. The theory of two-electron reaction complicated by the adsorption of intermediate is developed for pulse and differential pulse polarography [18][19][20][21][22][23] and for impedance measurements [24][25][26], and in this paper the theory is extended to squarewave voltammetry [27][28][29]. For this technique there are theories for two-step simple and catalytic surface reactions in which all electroactive species are strongly adsorbed to the electrode surface [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Square-Wave Voltammetry of Two-Electron Reduction with the Adsorption of Intermediate

Lovrić

Komorsky‐Lovrić

2012

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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Thermodynamically unstable intermediate of fast and reversible two-electron electrode reaction can be stabilized by the adsorption to the electrode surface. In square-wave voltammetry of this reaction mechanism, the split response may appear if the electrode surface is not completely covered by the adsorbed intermediate. The dependence of the difference between the net peak potentials of the prepeak and postpeak on the square-wave frequency is analyzed theoretically. This relationship can be used for the estimation of adsorption constant.

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Analytical application of square wave voltammetry

Cited by 112 publications

References 17 publications

Single drop square wave polarography

Single drop square wave polarography

A Simple Electrochemical Approach for Determination and Direct Monitoring of Drug Degradation in Water

Theory of Square-Wave Voltammetry of Two-Electron Reduction with the Adsorption of Intermediate

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