Analytical application of differential staircase voltammetry

Applications of adsorptive stripping voltammetry in the determination of trace and ultratrace metals

“…Additionally, naturally occurring ligands can complex the metal being determined, so a pretreatment of the sample is a prerequisite for the determination of the total metal. The most common, and mild, treatment of natural water samples is ultraviolet (W) irradiation; however, it is not free of problems [5,35,56,146]. An interesting alternative method to remove surface-active substances from natural water involves the addition of fumed silica to the sample.…”

Study of Molecules with Multiple Redox Centers Using Differential Staircase Voltammetry at Spherical Electrodes and Microelectrodes

“…The study of these molecules is of enormous interest, since their applications in many different fields are being considered [1][2][3]. In this paper we study the reduction of a molecule containing n electroactive redox centers, according to the following scheme: using the multipotential step technique Differential Staircase Voltammetry (DSCV) [4][5][6][7][8] at spherical electrodes of any size.…”

“…From this general equation, we derive here the particular solution for DSCV. The DSCV technique was introduced by Scholtz et al [4,5] and subsequently dealt with by other authors [6,8,7], as a method related to the multipulse technique Staircase Case Voltammetry (SCV) and the double pulse technique Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV), with the aim of obtaining a signal in the form of peaks, which is easier to evaluate than the typical signal in a SCV experiment. These authors proved that DSCV is as sensitive as DPV, although DSCV presents the clear advantage of avoiding the experimental inconvenience of the double pulse technique which, in order to reach the equilibrium every two potentials applied, needs a delay time when solid electrodes are used, or, in the case of a SMDE, a new mercury drop.…”

“…These authors proved that DSCV is as sensitive as DPV, although DSCV presents the clear advantage of avoiding the experimental inconvenience of the double pulse technique which, in order to reach the equilibrium every two potentials applied, needs a delay time when solid electrodes are used, or, in the case of a SMDE, a new mercury drop. However, despite the advantages, to date only simple charge transfer reactions have been studied, both theoretically and experimentally, with this technique [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Procedure for Determination of Total Chromium in Environmental Materials

“…The above results show that for an accurate quantification of chromium it is necessary to transfer all forms of chromium to one oxidation state to eliminate difference in Cr(VI) and Cr(III) signals. To oxidize Cr(III) to Cr(VI) UV irradiation of the sample at pH 7 in the presence of H 2 O 2 for 1 hour was recommended [13]. Scholz et al [14] stated that UV-irradiation in the presence of H 2 O 2 sometimes yields unsatisfactory results and it can be impossible to easily get rid of all H 2 O 2 which interferes in the electrochemical determination.…”