Analytical and structural electron microscopy of chromium carcinogenesis in vitro

Coombs, Neil; Weatherly, G. C.; Pilliar, Robert M.

doi:10.1007/bf02917287

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…In fact, vanadium pentoxide has been reported to act as an effector of signal transduction due to its tyrosine protein phosphatase inhibition properties and to act in a "promotional" manner following benzo[a]pyrene initiation in SHE cells (Rivedal et al, 1990). In contrast, NiSO 4 was positive Coombs (1989) Mikalsen (1988) LeBoeuf (1996) Dunkel (1981) LeBoeuf (1996) Kerckaert (1996b) Rivedal (1990) Rivedal (1990) LeBoeuf (1996) Rivedal (1981) Elias (1989) Suzuki (1987) Elias (1989 ' SHE assay conducted at pH 6.7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Syrian Hamster Embryo Cell Transformation Assay for Determining the Carcinogenic Potential of Heavy Metal Compounds

1996

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Cobalt sulfate hydrate, gallium arsenide, molybdenum trioxide, vanadium pentoxide, and nickel sulfate heptahydrate were tested in the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) assay in order to increase the SHE assay database for heavy metals. All five compounds produced significant morphological transformation at one or more doses in a dose-responsive manner. Cobalt sulfate hydrate, gallium arsenide, molybdenum trioxide, and nickel (IT) sulfate heptahydrate were all positive with a 24-hr exposure, suggesting direct DNA perturbation. Vanadium pentoxide was negative with a 24-hr exposure, but positive with a 7-day exposure. This pattern of response (24-hr SHE negative/7-day SHE positive) has been seen with other chemicals which have tumor promotion-like characteristics. Since the inception of the use of the SHE cell transformation assay for detecting the neoplastic transformation potential of chemicals, over 42 heavy metal compounds have been tested in this assay. Based on the 24 metal compounds which have been tested in the SHE, Salmonella, and some type of rodent bioassay, the SHE assay is 92% concordant with rodent bioassay carcinogenicity results, including a sensitivity of 95% (21/22) and a specificity of 50% (1/2). At this time, the measure of SHE assay specificity for rodent carcinogenicity of metals is limited by the paucity of metal compounds which are rodent noncarcinogens. The Salmonella assay results are only 33% concordant with the rodent bioassay for these same chemicals. This relatively high concordance between the SHE assay and the rodent bioassay carcinogenicity results demonstrates the utility of the SHE assay for determining the carcinogenic potential of heavy metal compounds in rodent Cancer bioaSSays. C 1996 Soday of Toxicology.In 1963 Berwald and Sachs described the in vitro morphological transformation of normal Syrian hamster embryo cells to tumor cells by carcinogenic chemicals (Berwald and Sachs, 1963). Since that time the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell in vitro transformation assay has been used by numerous investigators to test the transforming potential of over 472 chemical/physical agents. Of these 472 chemicals, over 200 have been tested in the standard rodent bioassay, giving a sensitivity of 82% (146/177), a specificity of 69% (25/36), and an 80% concordance (171/213) between the results of these two tests. Using a modification of the original SHE assay protocol, which is principally a reduction in the culture medium pH from 7.3 to 6.7, we have tested 48 chemicals for their SHE cell transformation potential. The concordance between the reduced pH SHE assay and the rodent bioassay for these 48 chemicals is 85% (41/48), including a sensitivity of 87% (26/30) and a specificity of 83% (15/ 18). Importantly, although rodent noncarcinogens are fewer in number than rodent carcinogens, the SHE assay specificity for the rodent bioassay is greater than 80%.The purpose of the present study was to test the transformation potential of five metal compounds: cobalt sulfate hydrate, gallium arsenide, molybde...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Syrian Hamster Embryo Cell Transformation Assay for Determining the Carcinogenic Potential of Heavy Metal Compounds

1996

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Student research award in the undergraduate, Master candidate category, or health science degree candidate category, 17th annual meeting of the society for biomaterials, scottsdale, AZ may 1–5,1991. Characterization of the interface in the plasma‐sprayed HA coating/Ti‐6Al‐4V implant system

Filiaggi¹,

Coombs²,

Pilliar³

1991

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

227

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The successful use of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on Ti-alloy implants for implant-to-bone fixation requires strong adherence of the ceramic coating to the underlying metal substrate. In this study, the metal-ceramic interface was evaluated using mechanical, chemical, and structural characterization methods. Evaluations of an HA-coated Ti-6Al-4V implant system using a modified short bar technique for interfacial fracture toughness determination revealed relatively low fracture toughness values. Additionally, conventional tensile bond strength testing indicated much lower values than previously reported. Using high resolution electron spectroscopic imaging, evidence of chemical bonding was revealed at the plasma-sprayed HA/Ti-6Al-4V interface, though bonding was primarily due to mechanical interlock at the interface. This study illustrates the benefits of, and the need for, a multilevel approach to evaluate and improve these plasma-sprayed ceramic-metal substrate interfaces.

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Use of the Syrian Hamster Embryo Cell Transformation Assay for Determining the Carcinogenic Potential of Heavy Metal Compounds

Kerckaert

LeBoeuf

Isfort

1996

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology

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Analytical and structural electron microscopy of chromium carcinogenesis in vitro

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Use of the Syrian Hamster Embryo Cell Transformation Assay for Determining the Carcinogenic Potential of Heavy Metal Compounds

Use of the Syrian Hamster Embryo Cell Transformation Assay for Determining the Carcinogenic Potential of Heavy Metal Compounds

Student research award in the undergraduate, Master candidate category, or health science degree candidate category, 17th annual meeting of the society for biomaterials, scottsdale, AZ may 1–5,1991. Characterization of the interface in the plasma‐sprayed HA coating/Ti‐6Al‐4V implant system

Use of the Syrian Hamster Embryo Cell Transformation Assay for Determining the Carcinogenic Potential of Heavy Metal Compounds

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