Analysis of wood firing in stoves by the oxygen consumption method and the carbon dioxide generation method

Paloposki, Tuomas; Saastamoinen, Jaakko; Klobut, Krzysztof; Tuomaala, Pekka

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.12.041

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We used a simplified version of the oxygen consumption method 22 to calculate the heat release over time. This is henceforth referred to as heat release rate (kW).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method utilizes the fact that biomass combustion consumes approximately one mole of O 2 per 420 kJ of heat released, independent of the changes in fuel composition that occurs over the combustion cycle. 22 A flue gas fan was used to accomplish a constant flow into the stove; hence, the decrease in oxygen concentration was proportional to reaction rate. Accordingly, the heat release Q i [MJ] at each time step i was calculated:…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate PAH Emissions from Residential Biomass Combustion: Time-Resolved Analysis with Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Eriksson

Nordin

Nyström

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Time-resolved emissions of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total organic particulate matter (OA) from a wood log stove and an adjusted pellet stove were investigated with high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS). The highest OA emissions were found during the addition of log wood on glowing embers, that is, slow burning pyrolysis conditions. These emissions contained about 1% PAHs (of OA). The highest PAH emissions were found during fast burning under hot air starved combustion conditions, in both stoves. In the latter case, PAHs contributed up to 40% of OA, likely due to thermal degradation of other condensable species. The distribution of PAHs was also shifted toward larger molecules in these emissions. AMS signals attributed to PAHs were found at molecular weights up to 600 Da. The vacuum aerodynamic size distribution was found to be bimodal with a smaller mode (Dva ∼ 200 nm) dominating under hot air starved combustion and a larger sized mode dominating under slow burning pyrolysis (Dva ∼ 600 nm). Simultaneous reduction of PAHs, OA and total particulate matter from residential biomass combustion may prove to be a challenge for environmental legislation efforts as these classes of emissions are elevated at different combustion conditions.

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“…We used a simplified version of the oxygen consumption method 22 to calculate the heat release over time. This is henceforth referred to as heat release rate (kW).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate PAH Emissions from Residential Biomass Combustion: Time-Resolved Analysis with Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Eriksson

Nordin

Nyström

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The principle is that the heat release of the burning material is proportional to the oxygen consumption. 33 Therefore, the curve of Y CO2 over time shows a trend similar to the HRR curve. The UPR-1 combustion is complete and the Y CO2 curve soon reaches its peak in Figure 11 and The fire performance index (FPI), fire spread index (FSI), and smoke parameters (SP) is parameters calculated from the directly measured data of cone calorimeter experiments, and can be used to give an overall assessment of the fire safety of a material in the CCT.…”

Section: Co 2 Yield (Y Co2 )mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The conical calorimeter works on the principle of oxygen consumption. The principle is that the heat release of the burning material is proportional to the oxygen consumption 33 . Therefore, the curve of Y CO2 over time shows a trend similar to the HRR curve.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The flame retardancy of ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxide in unsaturated polyester resins

et al. 2021

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Summary Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared from graphite powder by the classic Hummers method, and modified by 1‐N‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IL) and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) to obtain ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxide (ILGO). ILGO, compounded with traditional flame retardants (ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite), was used in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) to enhance the flame retardancy. The flame retardant property and thermal degradation of the UPR composites were analyzed by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94, cone calorimeter test (CCT), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that there is an obvious synergism between ILGO and the traditional flame retardants. The LOI value of UPR‐4 containing ILGO reaches 28.2% and passes V‐0 of UL‐94, and UPR‐4's the initial temperature (Ti), maximum degradation temperature (Tmax), and residual carbon greatly increase. The experimental data shows that ILGO can promote UPR to form more residual carbon during combustion, enhance thermal stability, and make the material not easy to decompose. The morphology of carbon layer measured after CCT was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images show that the surface of char layer of UPR‐4 containing ILGO becomes smoother, flatter and denser, compared with UPR containing only flame retardants. The cohesiveness and compact structure residual carbon can effectively prevent the oxygen, combustible gas, and heat transfer between the flame zone and the base material to reduce flammability.

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“…Renewable energy resources that use domestic resources have the potential to provide energy services with zero or almost zero emissions of both air pollutants and greenhouse gases [5]. Renewable energy technologies produce marketable energy by converting natural phenomena into useful forms of energy [6]- [7]. The global energy needs will also double the current ones by mid-century, mainly due to fast industrial growth in developing countries [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of biomass for the production of energy in the Portuguese textile industry

Nunes

Matias

Catalào

2013

2013 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)

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The use of biomass as energy source becomes considered again as a possibility, after a period in which practically felt in disuse, especially in industrial environments. Nowadays is becoming again an alternative, mainly due to the increasing prices of fossil fuels, especially oil and natural gas, as well as by the growing environmental and sustainability concerns, since the biomass fuel is considered neutral in terms of CO 2 emissions. The use of biomass as solid fuel presents logistic difficulties, which do not allow their straightforward dissemination in all industrial units that intend to change its fuel. However, counterbalanced by excellent results from the economical point of view, achieved due to the stability of biomass prices in Portugal, the application of biomass is envisaged in this paper as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels for the Portuguese textile industry. Hence, a real case study is provided to discuss advances and developments in the field of biomass applications.

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Analysis of wood firing in stoves by the oxygen consumption method and the carbon dioxide generation method

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Particulate PAH Emissions from Residential Biomass Combustion: Time-Resolved Analysis with Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Particulate PAH Emissions from Residential Biomass Combustion: Time-Resolved Analysis with Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

The flame retardancy of ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxide in unsaturated polyester resins

Application of biomass for the production of energy in the Portuguese textile industry

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