Analysis of waste water by x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

Abstract

Methods of specimen preparation for the x‐ray fluorescence analysis of water are described. For direct determination of impurities in waste water samples, quasi‐solid specimens based on gelatin (agar) are proposed. Such specimens may also be used after extractive enrichment of impurities and their re‐extraction into the aqueous phase. For organic specimens, those in the form of organogels or thin polymer films can be obtained directly. For group impurity concentration it is proposed to use low‐temperature directed crystallization of water with subsequent obtaining of glassy saccharose‐based specimens from aqueous concentrates. The techniques developed were applied to determine Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn impurities in waste waters. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Gold Microelectrode Arrays Based Electrode for Determination of Trace Copper in Seawater

“…Therefore, it is very important to efficiently detect Cu 2+ in environmental water samples. Many techniques have been developed for sensitive analyses of various heavy metal ions, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 7 , X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry 8 and atomic absorption spectrophotometry 9 . However, these methods generally require expensive instruments and time-consuming pretreatments 10 .…”

Determination of elements in water using a total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometer

“…Для РФА водных растворов опи-саны способы приготовления квазитвёрдых из-лучателей на основе гелеобразующих агентов (желатина или агар-агара) [10][11][12][13], полимерных стёкол на основе сахарозы [11,12], полимерных плёнок [10][11][12][13][14]. При анализе сточных вод про-мышленных предприятий предложено материал пробы перемешивать с полистиролом, затем вы-сушивать и прессовать в таблетку-излучатель [15].…”

Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Cobalt and Nickel by Partial Least Square Regression in Micellar Media

“…The methods reported for the simultaneous determination of nickel and cobalt are AAS using FAAS 3-6 or ETAAS 7-10 , HPLC [11][12] with different techniques such as ion chromatography [13][14][15] , chelation ion chromatography 16,17 , reversed phase liquid chromatography [18][19][20][21][22] , ICP-AES 23,24 , NAA 25 and XRF 26,27 . Electroanalytical techniques [28][29][30] and flow systems with voltammetric 31 detection systems, polarographic 32 methods, gravimetric and colorimetric methods 33 , spectrophotomeric methods [34][35][36][37][38] .…”