Analysis of volatile fractions of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. using GC‐MS and chemometric resolution

Abstract

The two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS has been used qualitatively and quantitatively to determine the components of the volatile fractions of Schisandra chinensis obtained by six different extraction methods. Sub-window factor analysis (SFA) was employed to confirm the identities of components determined in different samples. With the help of SFA, and other chemometric techniques, peak purity in the chromatograms was determined, and overlapping peaks were resolved to yield a pure chromatographic profile and mass spectrum for each component. It is demonstrated that the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative analysis may be greatly enhanced using chemometric resolution methods, such methods being particularly valuable with respect to the analysis of complex samples such as traditional Chinese medicines. It is further demonstrated that different extraction methods give rise to volatile fractions of S. chinensis which differ qualitatively and quantitatively in their composition.

Quality control of herbal medicines

“…10 (medium part) and (bottom part), respectively). For more detail, the reader can consult reference [202]. Fig.…”

“…EI is particularly useful for routine analysis and provides reproducible mass spectra with structural information which allows library searching. GC-MS was the first successful online combination of chromatography with mass spectrometry, and is widely used in the analysis of essential oil in herbal medicines [111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125].…”

“…With the GC-MS, people could produce not only a chromatographic fingerprint of the essential oil of the herbal medicine but also the information related to its most qualitative and relative quantitative composition [116][117][118][119][120]126,127]. Used in the analysis of the herbal medicines, there are at least two significant advantages for GC-MS, that is: (1) with the capillary column, GC-MS has in general very good separation ability, which can produce a chemical fingerprint of high quality; (2) with the coupled mass spectroscopy and the corresponding mass spectral database, the qualitative and relatively quantitative composition information of the herb investigated could be provided by GC-MS, which will be extremely useful for the further research for elucidating the relationship between chemical constituents in herbal medicine and its pharmacology in further research.…”

Analytical Evaluation of Herbal Drugs

“…Especially, this technique is quite suitable for the construction of the fingerprints of the herbal medicines. Moreover, the qualitative analysis or structure elucidation of the chemical components in herbal drug by simple HPLC is not possible, as they rely on the application of techniques using hyphenated HPLC, such as HPLC-IR, HPLC-MS, HPLC-NMR, for the analysis of herbal medicines [Lazarowych, 1998;Li, 1999;Liu, 1999;Li, 2003;Tsai, 2002;Zhang, 2004].…”

Standardization and quality evaluation of herbal drugs

“…On successful approach to improve the reproducibility of the both mobility and integral data has been on internal standards. But many papers were published unfortunately revealed the limited images on the real possibilities of CE in the field of finger print herbal medicines [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”