Analysis of types of damages at the sample plots of level 1 in 2013 at the territory of the Republic of Serbia

Češljar, Goran; Gagić-Serdar, Renata; Đorđević, Ilija; Poduška, Zoran; Stefanović, Tomislav; Bilibajkić, Svetlana; Nevenić, Radovan

doi:10.5937/sustfor1469063q

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Unfavourable climate, especially the lack of precipitation during the growing season, air temperatures above multi-annual averages ( Tables S4–S7 ), and prolonged and frequent drought periods have had serious and long-term consequences on forest ecosystems in Serbia. Similar observations have been stated by domestic authors [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ], whose research confirms the negative impacts of climate change and extreme climate events on the growth, development, and vitality of forest tree species and forest ecosystems as a whole.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The long-term trend of monitoring the defoliation of individual trees allowed us to determine the reasons for their die-back and correlate them with the mass forest declines which in fact occurred in the territory of the Republic of Serbia [ 52 ]. Except for a few research studies [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ], defoliation has not been described in detail as an indicator of forest condition in Serbia in previous research. Furthermore, the method of chronological monitoring and classifying each dead tree by groups relative to defoliation trends was applied in our study for the first time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of an Extremely Dry Period on Tree Defoliation and Tree Mortality in Serbia

Češljar

Jovanovic

Brašanac-Bosanac

et al. 2022

Plants

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This paper presents research results on forest decline in Serbia. The results were obtained through monitoring defoliation of 34 tree species at 130 sample plots during the period from 2004 to 2018. This research aimed to determine whether the occurrence of defoliation and tree mortality were caused by drought. Defoliation was assessed in 5% steps according to the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) methodology. All the trees recorded as dead were singled out, and annual mortality rates were calculated. To determine changes in air temperature and precipitation regimes during the study period, we processed and analysed climatic data related to air temperature and precipitation throughout the year and in the growing season at 28 main weather stations in Serbia. Tree mortality patterns were established by classifying trees into three groups. The first group of trees exhibited a gradual increase in defoliation during the last few years of monitoring, with dying as the final outcome. The second group was characterised by sudden death of trees. The third group of trees reached a higher degree of defoliation immediately after the first monitoring year, and the trees died after several years. Tree mortality rates were compared between years using the Standardised Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPI) and the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), the most common methods used to monitor drought. The most intensive forest decline was recorded during the period from 2013 to 2016, when the largest percentage of the total number of all trees died. According to the annual mortality rates calculated for the three observation periods (2004–2008, 2009–2013, and 2014–2018) the highest forest decline rate was recorded in the period from 2014 to 2018, with no statistically significant difference between broadleaved and coniferous tree species. As the sample of coniferous species was small, the number of sample plots should be increased in order to achieve better systematic forest condition monitoring in Serbia. The analysis of the relationship between defoliation and climatic parameters proved the correlation between them. It was noted that the forest decline in Serbia was preceded by an extremely dry period with high temperatures from 2011 to 2013, supporting the hypothesis that it was caused by drought. We therefore conclude that these unfavourable climatic conditions had serious and long-term consequences on forest ecosystems in Serbia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of an Extremely Dry Period on Tree Defoliation and Tree Mortality in Serbia

Češljar

Jovanovic

Brašanac-Bosanac

et al. 2022

Plants

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Studies of defoliation on ICP sample plots level I in Republic of Serbia

Stefanović¹,

Gagić-Serdar²,

Đorđević³

et al. 2017

Sustain Forestry

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Project of forests condition monitoring (ICP Forests) operates as an international European project in which, on grid of ICP sample plots (bioindication points) condition of forests has been monitored annually in continuity, including recording data on defoliation with evidencing any damage to the trees. The main goal of the program is monitoring of condition of forests on a permanent, representative surfaces, arranged in a systematic grid distributed on the territory of of Europe. This paper analyzes the data on defoliation as part of the results of the forest conditions monitoring on ICP sample plots on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, in the period 2012-2016. The assessment of defoliation is performed on the experimental fields regardless of the cause of loss of leaves, because the results are not aimed to determinate the cause-and-effect relationships, but only to represent the state of defoliation on this study sample plots in the researched period. Assessment and analysis of the degree of crown defoliation has been presented for most common tree species as the most noticeable crown health indicators. Linking these results with other indicators of environmental conditions will provide more concrete informations, and draw conclusions about the vitality of the plants depending on ambient conditions.

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Most common species of defoliating insects of broadleaved forests: ICP level I monitoring in 2021

Gagić-Serdar¹,

Marković²,

Češljar³

et al. 2021

Sustain Forestry

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In order to make conclusions related to the selection of the most appropriate improvement measures, it is necessary to define the condition of forests through monitoring their health state. ICP for Forests Monitoring deals with human factors (mainly air pollution) and biotic factors that impair vitality and hinder the development of forest ecosystems in Europe and Serbia. Since broadleaved forests experience stronger attacks of plant diseases and pests, they have more severe defoliation. Beech is the most common broadleaved species at the ICP sample plots in Serbia. It is followed by oak species - sessile oak, Turkey oak and Hungarian oak. The largest number of insect species develop on the assimilation organs of forest trees. The paper presents the most common species of defoliators detected at SP in Serbia in 2021.

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Analysis of types of damages at the sample plots of level 1 in 2013 at the territory of the Republic of Serbia

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Impact of an Extremely Dry Period on Tree Defoliation and Tree Mortality in Serbia

Impact of an Extremely Dry Period on Tree Defoliation and Tree Mortality in Serbia

Studies of defoliation on ICP sample plots level I in Republic of Serbia

Most common species of defoliating insects of broadleaved forests: ICP level I monitoring in 2021

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