Analysis of the wind flow and fire spread dynamics over a sloped–ridgeline hill

Abouali, Abdelrahman; Viegas, D. X.; Raposo, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111724

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The wind and topography are widely recognized as the dominant factors affecting forest fire behavior [1]. Several studies examined the impact of wind on the geometrical parameters of the flame such as flame length and tilt angle [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors proved that simulations using coupled fire-atmospheric models should be conducted to better understand the dynamic mechanisms of the observed thermodynamic and kinematic structure reported from this field experiment. Abouali et al [1] conducted a computational and laboratory investigation on wind flow and fire behavior over an isolated inclined ridgeline laboratory-scale terrain for the different terrain slopes. The results indicated the importance of interaction between terrain-modified flow mechanisms and fire, which results in accelerated flows that drive the indicated unexpected behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Sloped Terrain on Wind-Driven Surface Fire and Its Impact on Idealized Structures

Edalati-nejad

Ghodrat

Simeoni

2021

Fire

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, a time-dependent investigation has been conducted to numerically analyze the impact of wind-driven surface fire on an obstacle located on sloped terrain downstream of the fire source. Inclined field with different upslope terrain angles of 0, 10, 20, and 30° at various wind-velocities have been simulated by FireFoam, which is a large eddy simulation (LES) solver of the OpenFOAM platform. The numerical data have been validated using the aerodynamic measurements of a full-scale building model in the absence of fire effects. The results underlined the physical phenomena contributing to the impact of varying wind flow and terrain slope near the fire bed on a built area. The findings indicated that under a constant heat release rate and upstream wind velocity, increasing the upslope terrain angle leads to an increase in the higher temperature areas on the ground near the building. It is also found that raising the inclined terrain slope angle from 0 to 30°, results in an increase in the integrated temperature on the surface of the building. Furthermore, by raising the terrain slope from 0 to 30°, the integrated temperature on the ground for the mentioned cases increases by 16%, 10%, and 13%, respectively.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Sloped Terrain on Wind-Driven Surface Fire and Its Impact on Idealized Structures

Edalati-nejad

Ghodrat

Simeoni

2021

Fire

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Further, slope can affect the spread of forest fire by changing the way of radiative and convective heat transfer during the spread [20,21]. Studies on the effect of slope on forest fire behavior mainly focus on the surface fire behavior [22][23][24][25]. However, due to differences in fuel types and heat transfer modes, there are significant differences in the combustion temperature, spread rate, and other fire behaviors between surface fire and sub-surface fire [17,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Terrain Slope on Sub-Surface Fire Behavior in Boreal Forests of China

Shan,

Gao,

Yin

et al. 2024

Fire

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, the influence of extreme weather patterns has led to an alarming increase in the frequency and severity of sub-surface forest fires in boreal forests. The Ledum palustre-Larix gmelinii forests of the Daxing’an Mountains of China have emerged as a hotspot for sub-surface fires, and terrain slope has been recognized as a pivotal factor shaping forest fire behavior. The present study was conducted to (1) study the effect of terrain slope on the smoldering temperature and spread rate using simulated smoldering experiments and (2) establish occurrence probability prediction model of the sub-surface fires’ smoldering with different slopes based on the random forest model. The results showed that all the temperatures with different slopes were high, and the highest temperature was 947.91 °C. The spread rates in the horizontal direction were higher than those in the vertical direction, and the difference increased as the slope increased. The influence of slope on the peak temperature was greater than that of spread rate. The peak temperature was extremely positively correlated with the slope, horizontal distance and vertical depth. The spread rate was extremely positively correlated with the slope. The spread rate in the vertical direction was strongly positively correlated with the depth, but was strongly negatively correlated with the horizontal distance; the horizontal spread rate was opposite. The prediction equations for smoldering peak temperature and spread rate were established based on slope, horizontal distance, and vertical depth, and the model had a good fit (p < 0.01). Using random forest model, we established the occurrence prediction models for different slopes based on horizontal distance, vertical depth, and combustion time. The models had a good fit (AUC > 0.9) and high prediction accuracy (accuracy > 80%). The study proved the effect of slope on the characteristics of sub-surface fire smoldering, explained the variation in peak temperature and spread rate between different slopes, and established the occurrence prediction model based on the random forest model. The selected models had a good fit, and prediction accuracy met the requirement of the sub-surface fire prediction.

show abstract

“…In their work, the latest data are reviewed, and prospective pathways are provided. An investigation on the wind flow and fire spread dynamics in a sloped terrain was performed by Abouali et al [15]. In the work, both computational and experimental studies were conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Fire Intensity on Wind Driven Surface Fire and Its Impact on an Idealized Building

Edalati-nejad

Ghodrat

Fanaee

et al. 2022

Fire

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents an investigation on the effect of fire intensity of a wind driven surface fire, similar to a large wildfire, on an idealized structure located downstream from the fire source. A numerical simulation was conducted using an open source CFD code called FireFOAM, which is a transient solver for fire simulation and turbulent diffusion flames, supported by a large eddy simulation (LES) solver for incompressible flow. The numerical data were verified using the aerodynamic experimental data of a full-scale building model with no fire effects. An idealized cubic obstacle representing a simplified building with the dimension of 6 × 6 × 6 m; is considered downstream from the fire source. Different fire intensity values of the fire line representing different grassland fuels were simulated to analyse the impact of wind-fire interaction on a built area. To solve the problem, a coupled velocity and pressure method was applied through a PIMPLE scheme in FireFoam solver of OpenFoam platform. There is a good agreement between simulated results and experimental measurements with a maximum error of 18%, which confirms the validity and accuracy of the model. The results showed that by increasing the fire intensity; the velocity of the crosswind stream increases, which causes low-density air and generates an extra stream behind the fire plume. It was also found that increasing fire intensity from 10 MW/m to 18 MW/m raises the integrated temperature on the ground near the building and on the surface of the building by 26%, and 69%, respectively.

show abstract

Analysis of the wind flow and fire spread dynamics over a sloped–ridgeline hill

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Sloped Terrain on Wind-Driven Surface Fire and Its Impact on Idealized Structures

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Sloped Terrain on Wind-Driven Surface Fire and Its Impact on Idealized Structures

Influence of Terrain Slope on Sub-Surface Fire Behavior in Boreal Forests of China

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Fire Intensity on Wind Driven Surface Fire and Its Impact on an Idealized Building

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About