Analysis of the Wall Geometry with Different Strategies for High Deposition Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Mild Steel

Abstract

<jats:p>Additive manufacturing has gained relevance in recent decades as an alternative to the manufacture of metal parts. Among the additive technologies, those that are classified as Directed Energy Deposition (DED) are characterized by their high deposition rate, noticeably, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). However, having the inability to produce parts with acceptable final surface quality and high geometric precision is to be considered an important disadvantage in this process. In this paper, different torch trajectory strategies (oscillatory motion and overlap) in the fabrication of low carbon steel walls will be compared using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)-based WAAM technology. The comparison is done with a study of the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the produced walls and finally, addressing the productivity obtained utilizing each strategy. The oscillation strategy shows better results, regarding the utilization rate of deposited material and the flatness of the upper surface, this being advantageous for subsequent machining steps.</jats:p>

Influence of Laser-Welding on Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel

“…One should note that the Σ3 n CSL grain boundaries were beneficial to improve the corrosion resistance of the TWIP steel [ 40 ]. This was because the Σ3 n grain boundaries exhibited high resistance to grain boundary failure [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] and the corrosion resistance could be improved by increasing the frequency of CSL grain boundaries and controlling the continuity of grain boundaries [ 32 ]. Therefore, the large distribution of CSL grain boundaries interrupted the connectivity of random grain boundaries, which effectively prevented the continuous corrosion.…”

“…The as-prepared TWIP steel was used for welding experiments. The sample of TWIP steel and welded joints was ground with Silicon carbide(SiC) sandpaper up to 2000 grit, polished with diamond paste, and etched by using a mixture of nitric acid (2%) and ethanol (98%) to observe the optical microstructure [ 29 ]. The chemical composition of TWIP steel is shown in Table 1 .…”

Plasticity of Bead-on-Plate Welds Made with the Use of Stored Flux-Cored Wires for Offshore Applications

“…Observation of the bead-on-plate weld surfaces was a valuable analysis—the proper appearance of joints is one of the basic quality criteria [ 43 ]. Each of the wires, despite the differences in surface degradation, allowed us to obtain sound welds.…”

Model for the Prediction of Deformations in the Manufacture of Thin-Walled Parts by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Technology

“…In the central part in every layer limit also can be found acicular ferrite/bainite small areas but the microstructure mainly is composed by polygonal ferrite zones. A more detailed analysis of the microstructure can be found in the articles by Eider et al [23,24]. 2% Nital-Nitric and Ethanol acid-to reveal the grain structure were used.…”