Analysis of the surface plasmon resonance interferometric imaging performance of scanning confocal surface plasmon microscopy

Abstract

Here, we apply rigorous coupled-wave theory to analyze the optical phase imaging performance of scanning confocal surface plasmon microscope. The scanning confocal surface plasmon resonance microscope is an embedded interferometric microscope interfering between two integrated optical beams. One beam is provided by the central part around the normal incident angle of the back focal plane, and the other beam is the incident angles beyond the critical angle, exciting the surface plasmon. Furthermore, the two beams can form an interference signal inside a confocal pinhole in the image plane, which provides a well-defined path for the surface plasmon propagation. The scanning confocal surface plasmon resonance microscope operates by scanning the sample along the optical axis z, so-called V(z). The study investigates two imaging modes: non-quantitative imaging and quantitative imaging modes. We also propose a theoretical framework to analyze the scanning confocal surface plasmon resonance microscope compared to non-interferometric surface plasmon microscopes and quantify quantitative performance parameters including spatial resolution and optical contrast for non-quantitative imaging; sensitivity and crosstalk for quantitative imaging. The scanning confocal SPR microscope can provide a higher spatial resolution, better sensitivity, and lower crosstalk measurement. The confocal SPR microscope configuration is a strong candidate for high throughput measurements since it requires a smaller sensing channel than the other SPR microscopes.

Detection of Heavy Metal Ions by Ratiometric Photoelectric Sensor

“…SPR is a highly sensitive technology that responds to changes in the refractive index of contact surfaces. Based on interfacial conditions, resonance can be induced between the surface plasma and the incident beam, resulting in energy absorption in certain regions of the spectrum . SPR sensors are cost-effective, sensitive, and easy for operation and thus have become one of the complementary optical technologies in the field of biological and environmental analysis …”

“…Based on interfacial conditions, resonance can be induced between the surface plasma and the incident beam, resulting in energy absorption in certain regions of the spectrum. 86 SPR sensors are cost-effective, sensitive, and easy for operation and thus have become one of the complementary optical technologies in the field of biological and environmental analysis. 87 Chen et al 88 proposed a valence modulation strategy to detect Hg 2+ (Figure S3).…”

Analysis of Deep Learning-Based Phase Retrieval Algorithm Performance for Quantitative Phase Imaging Microscopy

“…The solid blue curves show the V(z) signals computed using The next question is whether the quality of the recovered BFP phase profiles can represent a practical phase measurement. We adopted confocal surface plasmon V(z) microscopy [47,48] to measure the relative phase between the surface plasmons and a reference beam as the plasmonic sample is defocused towards the objective lens. Figure 8 shows the six test datasets' V(z) signals.…”