Analysis of the risk factors and their combinations in acute gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding: A case-control study

Abstract

Previous DU, H. pylori, the use of any ASA and smoking explained the majority of the PUB episodes. CagA strains of H. pylori were not associated with PUB. Two-thirds of the PUB patients had at least two risk factors, but their combination did not potentiate the risk.

Low-Dose Aspirin and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Increase the Risk of Bleeding in Patients with Gastroduodenal Ulcer

“…In a Japanese retrospective case-control study by Sakamoto et al [5], the OR of upper GI bleeding was 5.5 for LDA and 6.1 for NSAIDs. However, it should be noted that in those case-control studies, the controls were selected from patients who were admitted during the same period or from population registries in the same district [3][4][5][8][9][10][11][12][13]. As a consequence, it remains unclear whether LDA and NSAIDs increase the risk of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions, the risk of bleeding from the mucosal lesions, or both.…”

A Prospective Study of Alcohol Consumption and Smoking and the Risk of Major Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Men

“…[5–18] Most investigations have been case-control or retrospective in design with limited data on smoking that may be prone to recall or selection bias. [6,7,9–11,13,14] In addition, existing studies have focused on the association of smoking with specific causes of GIB such as peptic ulcer [5,6,10] or diverticular bleeding [9,11,13] or in narrow populations such as patients in the peri-operative window [17] or with acute coronary syndromes. [18] Only a few population-based studies have examined the association of smoking with overall GIB.…”

Incidence and complications of peptic ulcer disease requiring hospitalisation have markedly decreased in Finland

“…17 In addition to H. pylori infection and the use of NSAIDs, previous ulcer, older age and smoking also elevate risk for PUD. 18 As patients become older with more comorbidities, continuation of low-dose ASA as a prophylactic agent for cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases in peptic ulcer bleeding might actually reduce the total mortality, but larger trials are needed to confirm these theories. 19 The aims of this study were (i) to evaluate time trends in the incidence of peptic ulcer disease and its major complications in hospitalised patients at the beginning of the 21st century, (ii) to analyse drug therapy as a risk factor for recurrent peptic ulcer disease and (iii) to compare PUD patients' drug consumption with age-and sex-matched background population.…”