Analysis of the material properties of early chondrogenic differentiated adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) using an in vitro three-dimensional micromass culture system

Abstract

Cartilage is an avascular tissue with only a limited potential to heal and chondrocytes in vitro have poor proliferative capacity. Recently, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) have demonstrated a great potential for application to tissue engineering due to their ability to differentiate into cartilage, bone, and fat. In this study, we have utilized a high density three-dimensional (3D) micromass model system of early chondrogenesis with ASC. The material properties of these micromasses showed a significant increase in dynamic and static elastic modulus during the early chondrogenic differentiation process. These data suggest that the 3D micromass culture system represents an in vitro model of early chondrogenesis with dynamic cell signaling interactions associated with the mechanical properties of chondrocyte differentiation.

DCIR Maintains Bone Homeostasis by Regulating IFN-γ Production in T Cells

“…2B-D), we used primary chondrocytes and osteoblasts from WT mice for these experiments. The effects of IFN-g on chondrogenesis were examined using micromass culture of murine primary chondrocytes (37). Consistent with previous reports (38,39), TNF and IL-17 suppressed Alcian blue + proteoglycan deposition in cultures (Fig.…”

“…It was reported, however, that IFN-g rather inhibits the proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis of chondrocytes in cultures (51). The reason for this discrepancy is not completely clear, but different culture conditions might have affected the results: most previous studies used chondrocyte monolayer cultures, whereas we used a high-density micromass culture system, which provides the 3D environment required for proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of chondrocytes to mimic in vivo chondrogenesis (37). Based on the results obtained in the refined culture system, we propose that IFN-g is a promoting factor for chondrogenesis, which causes joint ankylosis.…”

Effective Delivery of Stem Cells Using an Extracellular Matrix Patch Results in Increased Cell Survival and Proliferation and Reduced Scarring in Skin Wound Healing

“…10 Briefly, the inguinal fat pads were excised from L2G85 male mice and washed twice in Betadine (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) and three times in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Fat pads were finely minced and digested in 0.075% collagenase type II (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (Cellgro, Manassas, VA) for 30 min at 37°C in a shaking water bath and additionally shaken vigorously by hand every 10 min.…”

Differentiation of Adipose-derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Culture Cells into Chondrocytes Using the Method of Cell Sorting with a Mesenchymal Stem Cell Marker

“…In this study, we isolated adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction culture cells (ADSVFs) using mesenchymal stem cell markers, and investigated the differentiation of highly pure adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) with no contaminating vascular endothelial cells or fibroblasts into chondrocytes (Halvorsen et al 2001;Kino-oka et al 2005;Xu et al 2007). …”