Analysis of the intestinal microbial community in healthy and diarrheal perinatal yaks by high-throughput sequencing

Han, Zhaoqing; Li, Kun; Shahzad, Muhammad; Zhang, Hui; Luo, Houqiang; Qiu, Gang; Lan, Yanfang; Wang, Xiaoqiang; Mehmood, Khalid; Li, Jiakui

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.025

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[81]. In a previous study, Firmicutes phylum was found clearly lower in diarrheal yaks (p < 0.05) [5]. Also genus of Clostridium_IV (p < 0.01) and Clostridium_XI (p < 0.05) were found obviously lower in diarrheal yaks except Clostridium XVIII (p < 0.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Previously, we performed high-throughput sequencing of intestinal micro ora from diarrheal yaks, our study found 41 genera of bacteria in perinatal healthy yaks, while 145 genera of bacteria were only tested in healthy perinatal yaks [5]. Moreover, 212 genera of fungus were found in healthy yaks, 373 and 208 genera of fungus were found in calves and diarrheal yaks respectively [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Also genus of Clostridium_IV (p < 0.01) and Clostridium_XI (p < 0.05) were found obviously lower in diarrheal yaks except Clostridium XVIII (p < 0.01). Genera of Bacteroides (p < 0.05) and Faecalibacterium (p < 0.05) were found signi cantly higher in diarrhea yaks, while no signi cant difference was found in genera of Eubacterium, Eubacterium and Roseburia [5]. However, among all those genera, Clostridium_IV and Clostridium_XI were the dominant [5], which may uncover that the decreasing of clostridium may cause the drop of SCFAs (C2-C4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Genera of Bacteroides (p < 0.05) and Faecalibacterium (p < 0.05) were found signi cantly higher in diarrhea yaks, while no signi cant difference was found in genera of Eubacterium, Eubacterium and Roseburia [5]. However, among all those genera, Clostridium_IV and Clostridium_XI were the dominant [5], which may uncover that the decreasing of clostridium may cause the drop of SCFAs (C2-C4). In current study, Isobutyric acid, Isovaleric acid and Caproic acid were found signi cantly lower in diarrheal animals (p < 0.05), which was in line with patients suffering from cirrhosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders [82,83].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Bovine diarrhea is a common disease throughout the farms with world-wide distribution. It has been causing a heavy economic loss in concern with fertility rate, milk production, and animals growth [5]. In yaks, diarrhea causing pathogens i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Modulation on Potentially Diarrhea Causing Pathogens in Yaks Through Metagenomics Sequencing

Li¹,

Zeng²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Yaks are of great importance on the plateau; however, an emerging endemic diarrheal disease during the last few years is posing a great threat to the health of these animals. Yaks have special gut microbiotal community and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are not only the principle nutrient substrates of intestinal epithelial cells but can also regulate the epithelial barrier. Until now, metagenomics sequencing has not been reported in diarrheal yaks. A scarce information is available regarding the levels of fecal SCFAs and diarrhea in yaks. The purpose of our study was to identify the potential pathogens that cause the emerging diarrhea and also to explore the potential relationship of short-chain fatty acids in this issue. We estimated diarrhea rate in yaks after collecting the equal number of fecal samples from affected animals. Metagenomics sequencing and quantitative analysis of SCFAs were performed which revealed 15-25% and 5-10% prevalence in diarrheal yak’s calves and adults yaks respectively. Significant difference was observed in GC contents (44.69%~46.08% vs 46.12%~46.38%) under two reference groups (p<0.05). Violin box plot also showed the higher degree of dispersion in gene abundance distribution of diarrhea yaks, while genes of normal yaks were relatively gathered. We found 366163 significant differential abundance genes in diarrheal yaks, with 141305 up-regulated and 224858 down-regulated genes as compared with normal yaks via DESeq analysis. Metagenomic binning analysis indicated the higher significant of bin 33 (Bacteroidales) (p<0.05) in diarrheal animals, while bin 10 (p<0.0001), bin 30 (Clostridiales) (p<0.05), bin 51 (Lactobacillales) (p<0.05), bin 8 (Lachnospiraceae) (p<0.05) and bin 47 (Bacteria) (p<0.05) were obviously higher in normal animals. At different levels, an obviously difference in Phylum, Class, Oder, Family, Genus and Species was noticed as 4, 8, 8, 16, 17 and 30 respectively. Compared with healthy yaks, Acetic acid (p<0.01), Propionic acid (p<0.01), Butyric acid (p<0.01), Isobutyric acid, Isovaleric acid (p<0.05) and Caproic acid (p<0.01) were all observed obviously at lower rate in diarrheal yaks. In conclusion, besides the increased pathogens level of Staphylococcus aureus, Babesia ovata, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bacteroides fluxus, viruses, Klebsiella pneumonia, and inflammation-related bacteria; the decreased of SCFAs caused by the imbalance of intestinal microbiota may potentially leads to emergence of diarrhea in yaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%