Analysis of the golden proportion and width/height ratios of maxillary anterior teeth in Arab and Kurdish populations

A 2D Photographic and 3D Digital Dental Model Analysis of Golden Percentage in Maxillary Anterior Teeth

“…It would be convenient and beneficial if statistically reliable relationships are created, to support teeth proportion theories [16]. In this regard, most analysis is carried out on photographs and dental casts widely; however, attempts have been made by several researchers to minimize the photographic magnification error [7,16,17]. In this study, W.H Ward concept was used to avoid magnification error by figuring a conversion factor, which was derived by dividing dimensions of cast teeth by the image dimension [7].…”

“…To avoid magnification error by figuring a conversion factor which was derived by dividing dimensions of cast teeth by the image dimension [7], the width of each tooth was multiplied by the factor in order to find out the true width captured in the photographs.…”

“…A grid with columns in golden proportion was invented by him and later on proposed, to use the grid for evaluation and development of harmonious maxillary anterior teeth restorations [3]. However, the recent literature reported that variations have been observed in dental features; hence, in aesthetically pleasing smiles, the golden ratio was not found [4][5][6][7].…”

Golden Proportion and Golden Standard Assessment of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Among Undergraduate Students

“…18 The difference in results may be attributed to variations in regional perception of aesthetics. In 2018, Al-Kaisay and Garib studied Kurdish and Arab populations 19 , they reported GP to exist between apparent widths of lateral and central incisors but not for lateral incisors and canines. Furthermore, no ideal ratio of width and height was found in this study, which is similar to our study in case of female participants.…”

Golden Standard and Golden Proportion of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Among Saudi Population in Makkah

“…GS value is “the relation between width and height of maxillary anterior teeth”; it had been studied for different populations of different origins. [ 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ] The optimum W/H proportion of upper central incisors should be approximately 80%[ 25 ]; increasing the W/H ratio will lead to squarer looking teeth, whereas decreasing it will give a longer tooth appearance. [ 26 ]…”