The aim of this study was to find the antibacterial potential of curcumin against Porphyromonas gingivalis and connective tissue responses to curcumin gel in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. The sample consisted of subgingival plaque collected from patients with chronic periodontitis. The P. gingivalis clinically isolated strain was confirmed by anaerobic culture, morphology, biochemical tests (Vitek ANC Kit), and PCR (16S rDNA). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by incubation of twofold serial dilution of broth media containing curcumin (from 100 to 0.05 µg/ml) for 48 h at 37°C. Fifteen adult Wistar rats (3-4 months old) were used and randomly divided into three groups (negative control, positive control, and experimental groups). Tubes were implanted on the back skin (45 tubes). Rats were euthanized at 7, 30, and 60 days after surgical processes, and then the samples were taken and processed to achieve conventional hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. The MIC and MBC of curcumin against clinically isolated P. gingivalis were 12 µg/ml. Curcumin gel caused moderate inflammatory reactions at 7 and 30 days, while at 60 days, it caused dramatic decline and resulted in a nonsignificant response. Besides, curcumin gel stimulated quick reepithelialization, fibroblast proliferation, and scarring through the formation of thick bundles of well-organized collagen fibers. Curcumin has an effective antibacterial action against clinically isolated P. gingivalis at low concentration (12 µg/ml), and it was regarded as the biocompatible material in the subcutaneous tissues.
Objective. This study evaluated the bioactivity and physicochemical properties of three commercial calcium silicate-based endodontic materials (MTA, EndoSequence Root Repair Material putty, and Biodentine™). Material and Methods. Horizontal sections of 3 mm thickness from 18 root canals of human teeth were subjected to biomechanical preparation with WaveOne Gold large rotary instruments. The twelve specimens were filled with three tested materials (MM-MTA, EndoSequence Root Repair Material putty, and Biodentine™) and immersed in phosphate-buffered saline for 7 and 30 days. After this period of time, each specimen of each material was processed for morphological observation, surface precipitates, and interfacial dentin using SEM. In addition, the surface morphology of the set materials, without soaking in phosphate-buffered solution after one day and after 28 days stored in phosphate-buffered saline, was evaluated using SEM; also, the pH of the soaking water and the amount of calcium ions released from the test materials were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy test. Data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference test with a significance level of 5%. Result. The formation of precipitates was observed on the surfaces of all materials at 1 week and increased substantially over time. Interfacial layers in some areas of the dentin-cement interface were found from one week of immersion. All the analyzed materials showed alkaline pH and capacity to release calcium ions; however, the concentrations of released calcium ions were significantly more in Biodentine and ESRRM putty than MM-MTA (P<0.05). ESRRM putty maintained a pH of around 11 after 28 days. Conclusion. Compared with MM-MTA, Biodentine and ESRRM putty showed significantly more calcium ion release. However, exposure of three tested cements to phosphate-buffered solution resulted in precipitation of apatite crystalline structures over both cement and dentin that increased over time. This suggests that the tested materials are bioactive.
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