Abstract:The genetic component of atherosclerotic disease has been increasingly investigated, and some genetic characteristics have been associated with that disease. The methodology and interpretation of the results of the genetic studies, however, have been frequently questioned. This review article discusses these points and suggests methods of analysis that may improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease of atherosclerotic origin.General considerations -Coronary artery disease is the ma… Show more
“…The association between apo E polymorphisms and CAD has been studied with regard to cardiology, as apo E affects lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol transport [80, 81, 91]. The apo Eε 4 allele is consistently associated with an increased risk of CAD, although its impact seems to vary according to other factors, such as gender, ethnic origin, and lifestyle [90, 92, 93].…”
Section: Genetic Polymorphisms Associated With Dyslipidemiamentioning
Dyslipidemia has been frequently observed among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and factors related to HIV-1, the host, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are involved in this phenomenon. This study reviews the roles of genetic polymorphisms, HIV-1 infection, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in lipid metabolism. Lipid abnormalities can vary according to the HAART regimen, such as those with protease inhibitors (PIs). However, genetic factors may also be involved in dyslipidemia because not all patients receiving the same HAART regimen and with comparable demographic, virological, and immunological characteristics develop variations in the lipid profile. Polymorphisms in a large number of genes are involved in the synthesis of structural proteins, and enzymes related to lipid metabolism account for variations in the lipid profile of each individual. As some genetic polymorphisms may cause dyslipidemia, these allele variants should be investigated in HIV-1-infected patients to identify individuals with an increased risk of developing dyslipidemia during treatment with HAART, particularly during therapy with PIs. This knowledge may guide individualized treatment decisions and lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of dyslipidemia in these patients.
“…The association between apo E polymorphisms and CAD has been studied with regard to cardiology, as apo E affects lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol transport [80, 81, 91]. The apo Eε 4 allele is consistently associated with an increased risk of CAD, although its impact seems to vary according to other factors, such as gender, ethnic origin, and lifestyle [90, 92, 93].…”
Section: Genetic Polymorphisms Associated With Dyslipidemiamentioning
Dyslipidemia has been frequently observed among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and factors related to HIV-1, the host, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are involved in this phenomenon. This study reviews the roles of genetic polymorphisms, HIV-1 infection, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in lipid metabolism. Lipid abnormalities can vary according to the HAART regimen, such as those with protease inhibitors (PIs). However, genetic factors may also be involved in dyslipidemia because not all patients receiving the same HAART regimen and with comparable demographic, virological, and immunological characteristics develop variations in the lipid profile. Polymorphisms in a large number of genes are involved in the synthesis of structural proteins, and enzymes related to lipid metabolism account for variations in the lipid profile of each individual. As some genetic polymorphisms may cause dyslipidemia, these allele variants should be investigated in HIV-1-infected patients to identify individuals with an increased risk of developing dyslipidemia during treatment with HAART, particularly during therapy with PIs. This knowledge may guide individualized treatment decisions and lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of dyslipidemia in these patients.
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