Analysis of the Development of the Electromobility Market in Poland in the Context of the Implemented Subsidies

Abstract

The flagship project in this area in Poland is the Electromobility Development Program, one of the strategic documents of which is the Act on Electromobility and Alternative Fuels of 11 January 2018, which includes a system of benefits aimed at influencing consumer behaviors towards the choice of electric vehicles. According to the decision-makers, its implementation is expected to result in the achievement of a number of goals, among others, 1 million of such vehicles are forecast to be present at the national level in 2025. The intention of the authors is to analyze the progress in the development of electromobility in Poland, in the areas such as the market of electric cars, charging infrastructure, with an indication of whether the actions that are implemented by the legislator, i.e., guidelines on where and in what quantities charging stations dedicated to such vehicles are to be established, subsidies in the form of the possibility of driving on the lanes designed for buses, subsidies for the purchase of such vehicles intensify the development of electromobility in the country. The considerations were carried out for cars powered exclusively by electricity, i.e., BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) type, category M1. Cars in this category represent the largest share of the automotive market in Poland—over 75%. The utilitarian value of this research may be supported by the fact that the example of Poland and its problems concerning the discussed issue may be a source of preliminary analysis for other countries of the European Union.

Assessment of the Total Cost of Ownership of Electric Vehicles in Poland

“…Purchased vehicles may not be used for commercial activities within the meaning of EU competition law, including agricultural activities. Moreover, they cannot be entered in the records of fixed assets used in business activities [38].…”

The Costs of Charging Electric Vehicles in Poland

“…From 27 January 2020, Grupa Lotos S. A. also charges a fee of PLN 24 for using its charging stations regardless of the length of charging and the amount of Figure 7 The BEV type car drive system [41] A6…”

Problems of Selected Sectors of Biofuels for Transport in Poland

“…Despite systematic growth in the number of electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), it has not been possible to approach the planned number of electric vehicles or charging points as compared with the numbers contained in the National Policy Framework [11,50]. Due to insufficient support instruments, it has not been possible to accomplish the expected growth rate of the sector in recent years.…”