Analysis of the Cytokine Pattern Expressed In Situ in Inhalant Allergen Patch Test Reactions of Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Grewe, Markus; Walther, Stefan; Gyufko, Karin; Czech, Wolfgang; Schöpf, Erwin; Krutmann, Jean

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12321078

Cited by 267 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The peak of IFN-␥ production in the challenged skin is maximal at 24 h and decreases rapidly from 48 h. This is in contrast with human studies on atopy patch test that showed an early and transient up-regulation of IL-4 at 24 h followed by a switch toward IFN-␥ production, which appeared at 48 h only (27). Although this discrepancy may reflect subtle differences between mouse and human disease models, it could be hypothesized that the previous studies have missed the first wave of allergen-specific T cells infiltrating the challenged skin and transiently producing IFN-␥.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Skin-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells Initiate Atopic Dermatitis Lesions

Hennino

Vocanson

Toussaint

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

101

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Skin lesions in the allergic form of atopic dermatitis (AD) are induced by allergen-specific T cells that infiltrate the skin at the site of allergen exposure. Although Th2-type CD4+ T cells appear to be crucial in AD pathophysiology, little is known about the contribution of CD8+ T cells in the development of the allergic skin inflammation. In the present study, we have analyzed the respective role of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the development of AD skin lesions in a mouse model of allergen-induced AD. In sensitized mice, CD8+ T cells are rapidly and transiently recruited to the allergen-exposed site and initiate the inflammatory process leading to skin infiltration with eosinophils and Th1/Th2-producing cells. CD8+ T cell-depleted mice show no inflammation, demonstrating that these cells are mandatory for the development of AD. In contrast, CD4+ T cell-depleted mice develop a severe form of eczema. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells from sensitized mice into naive recipient mice leads to skin inflammation soon after allergen exposure. These data indicate that allergen-primed CD8+ T cells are required for the development of AD-like lesions in mice.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Skin-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells Initiate Atopic Dermatitis Lesions

Hennino

Vocanson

Toussaint

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

101

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“…Clearly, a generalized Th2-deviated immune response is closely linked to the condition of AD but the skin disease itself is a biphasic inflammation with an initial Th2 phase and while chronic lesions harbour Th0/Th1 cells. This biphasic pattern of T-cell activation has also been demonstrated in studies on allergen patchtest skin reaction sites 33 . Twenty-four hours after allergen application to the skin, increased expression of IL-4 mRNA and protein is observed, after which IL-4 expression declines to baseline levels.…”

Section: (2) Acquired Immunity ① T Cells and The Th1/th2 Conceptsupporting

confidence: 58%

Atopic Dermatitis

2010

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“…In this model, the acute phase of AD is predominated by a Th2-like response, whereas the chronic phase of AD is predominated by a Th1-like response. The biphasic model has also been demonstrated by analysis of T cell cytokine profile during the development of atopy patch test lesions (25,26). Increased expression of IL-4 in the skin lesions was observed during the first 24 h after allergen application (acute phase) and then declined after that.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Decreased IL-15 May Contribute to Elevated IgE and Acute Inflammation in Atopic Dermatitis

Ong

Hamid

Travers

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

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PBMC and acute skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are characterized by increased IL-4 and IL-13, but decreased IFN-γ production. This bias toward an increased Th2 cytokine profile may contribute to the elevated IgE levels and acute skin inflammation seen in AD. In this study, we examined the levels of IL-15, a Th1-like cytokine, in the PBMC and the skin lesions of AD patients. IL-15 secretion by Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-treated PBMC of AD patients was significantly lower than that of normals and psoriasis patients (p < 0.001). Membrane-bound IL-15 expression as measured by mean fluorescence intensity and percentage of IL-15-positive cells in Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-treated monocytes of AD patients (644 ± 49% and 12.7 ± 0.6%, respectively) were significantly lower than that of normals (869 ± 56% and 15.8 ± 1.2%, respectively) and psoriasis patients (1488 ± 217% and 22.7 ± 0.8%, respectively; p < 0.0007 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The membrane-bound IL-15 expression was also significantly lower in the control monocytes of AD patients compared with that in normals and psoriasis patients. There was no significant difference in the absolute number or percentage of monocytes between the study subjects. However, psoriasis skin lesions were found to have significantly more IL-15 mRNA-expressing cells (22.4 ± 1.7) compared with that in acute AD (7.5 ± 1.7) and chronic AD (13.7 ± 1.7) skin lesions (p < 0.05). IL-15 enhanced IFN-γ production by the PBMC of AD patients (p < 0.01), but not by that of normal individuals or psoriasis patients. In addition, IL-15 was found to suppress IgE synthesis (p < 0.01) by the PBMC of AD patients. These data support the concept that reduced IL-15 expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.

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Analysis of the Cytokine Pattern Expressed In Situ in Inhalant Allergen Patch Test Reactions of Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Cited by 267 publications

References 22 publications

Skin-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells Initiate Atopic Dermatitis Lesions

Skin-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells Initiate Atopic Dermatitis Lesions

Atopic Dermatitis

Decreased IL-15 May Contribute to Elevated IgE and Acute Inflammation in Atopic Dermatitis

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