Analysis of the Buffering Systems in Dental Plaque

Shellis, R.P.; Dibdin, G.H.

doi:10.1177/00220345880670020101

Cited by 52 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, no lactate site differences were seen (table 4) perhaps due, by the same mechanism, to an increased lower jaw sucrose exposure (i.e., increased lactate production after the sucrose rinse) compensating for the higher clearance at this site. Surprisingly, the pH at the lower molar sites were lower than the upper molar sites; however, once the lower site pHs were decreased by a higher sucrose exposure, they would remain depressed (table 4) due to the high buffer capacity of whole plaque [Shellis and Dibdin, 1988]. This mechanism, which suggests that lactate loss from plaque is more rapid than pH changes, is supported by the fact that in the current experiment, where clearance was a factor, about 50% less acid (as lactic acid) was found in the 7-min postsucrose samples than the amount of acid required to reach the same pH values in the in vitro acidification experiment , where clearance factors were absent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Changes in Lactate and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva after a Fluoride Rinse and Subsequent Sucrose Administration

et al. 2002

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The purpose of this study was to examine plaque and saliva composition after a fluoride rinse and subsequent sucrose application. Fifteen subjects accumulated plaque for 48 h, and then rinsed with a fluoride rinse based on 228 µg/g (ppm) Na₂SiF₆ and some received no rinse. After 60 min, upper and lower buccal molar plaque samples and 1-min saliva samples were collected. The subjects then rinsed with 10% g/g sucrose solution, and 7 and 15 min later, a second and a third set of samples were collected. Plaque fluid and clarified saliva were then recovered from these samples by centrifugation, and the remaining plaque acid extracted. The plaque fluid, centrifuged saliva, and plaque extract samples were then analyzed using micro techniques for pH, free calcium, phosphate, organic acids (plaque fluid and saliva only) and fluoride. Considering both the fluoride rinse and no-rinse groups, the most notable compositional changes in saliva 7 min after the sucrose rinse were pH –0.40 unit, free calcium 0.42 mM, lactate 5.2 mM, phosphate –1.3 mM, and fluoride 2.8 µM; while in plaque fluid, the corresponding changes were pH –1.59 unit, free calcium 1.5 mM, lactate 35 mM, phosphate –1.6 mM and fluoride –26 µM. After sucrose rinsing, undersaturation was found with respect to dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in saliva and plaque fluid and with respect to tooth enamel in some plaque fluid samples. Plaque fluid composition appeared to be strongly influenced by salivary clearance, diffusive loss of ions into the water phase of the rinse, and lower jaw pooling of the sucrose and fluoride components of the rinses. After the experimental rinse, the fluoride concentration in plaque fluid [86 ± 22 mM (upper molar site), 162 ± 150 mM (lower molar site)], saliva (26 ± 18 mM), and whole plaque [99 ± 97 µg/g (upper molar site), 197 ± 412 µg/g (lower molar site)] was comparable to the values in previous studies using this rinse. These very high plaque fluid fluoride concentrations, compared with the ‘no-rinse’ samples, induced an approximately 0.3-unit increase in the plaque fluid pH 7 min after the sucrose rinse, a small decrease (approximately 20%) in lactate production and a modest increase in enamel saturation. Although these changes were all statistically significant, no correlation was found between the decrease in lactate concentration and plaque fluid fluoride, pH or whole plaque fluoride.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Changes in Lactate and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva after a Fluoride Rinse and Subsequent Sucrose Administration

et al. 2002

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“…7 Therefore, most studies investigating saliva buffering capacity have focused on whole stimulated saliva. 4,8 Ericsson 9 reported that there were distinct differences in the stimulated whole saliva buffering capacity of caries-free and caries-active patients when using expensive equipment and complex laboratory techniques for a saliva buffering capacity test. In the case of commercially available caries risk kits, a colour code chart is used as the means to determine saliva buffering ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pH change after HCl titration into resting and stimulated saliva for a buffering capacity test

Moritsuka

Kitasako

Burrow

et al. 2006

Australian Dental Journal

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Background: Saliva collection can provide clinical information about individual patients. However, a correlation between ranking buffering capacity using resting and stimulated saliva is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pH change after HCl titration into resting and stimulated saliva for a salivary buffering capacity test. Methods: Resting and stimulated saliva (by chewing paraffin wax) were collected from 80 patients. After the pH of both saliva samples was measured using a hand-held pH meter, the saliva samples were titrated with 0.1N HCl to evaluate the buffering capacity. Correlations of ranking buffering capacity (high, medium, low) between stimulated saliva and resting saliva with 30µL HCl titration and between stimulated saliva and resting saliva with 40µL HCl titration were statistically analysed by Spearman Rank Correlation Test (p<0.05). Results: At 50µL HCl titration, stimulated saliva buffering capacities were ranked into high (above pH 5.5), medium (pH from 5.5 to 4.5) and low (below pH 4.5). At 30-40µL HCl titration, the resting saliva buffering capacities were ranked into the same categories. Spearman Rank Correlation indicated significant positive coefficients for the stimulated saliva and resting saliva buffering capacity at 30µL titration and the stimulated saliva and resting saliva at 40µL titration. Conclusion: Stimulated saliva is more resistant to variation in pH change during HCl titration than resting saliva. Stimulated saliva sampling is a good method to determine buffering capacity during a comprehensive oral health assessment.

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“…118 Although chemical and mechanical methods of erosion are often considered separately, models such as the differential buffering capacity (DBC) of an acid can predict the mechanical effects of acid demineralization. 117,121 DBC is measured as the gradient of a titration curve at a certain pH value and gives the concentration of acid required to lower the pH by 1. 122 Acids with lower DBC values have been shown to have more severe effects on enamel for short-term exposure than higher DBC values.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…122 Acids with lower DBC values have been shown to have more severe effects on enamel for short-term exposure than higher DBC values. 117,121 The DBC value of an acid is made up of the pKa and pH values and is therefore considered to be a more reliable marker of erosion properties over long-term exposure, when the pH range is relevant for dietary exposure. 122 Temperature has a significant impact on the kinetics of dissolution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demineralization–remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone

Neel¹,

Aljabo²,

Strange³

et al. 2016

IJN

498

232

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Biomineralization is a dynamic, complex, lifelong process by which living organisms control precipitations of inorganic nanocrystals within organic matrices to form unique hybrid biological tissues, for example, enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone. Understanding the process of mineral deposition is important for the development of treatments for mineralization-related diseases and also for the innovation and development of scaffolds. This review provides a thorough overview of the up-to-date information on the theories describing the possible mechanisms and the factors implicated as agonists and antagonists of mineralization. Then, the role of calcium and phosphate ions in the maintenance of teeth and bone health is described. Throughout the life, teeth and bone are at risk of demineralization, with particular emphasis on teeth, due to their anatomical arrangement and location. Teeth are exposed to food, drink, and the microbiota of the mouth; therefore, they have developed a high resistance to localized demineralization that is unmatched by bone. The mechanisms by which demineralization–remineralization process occurs in both teeth and bone and the new therapies/technologies that reverse demineralization or boost remineralization are also scrupulously discussed. Technologies discussed include composites with nano- and micron-sized inorganic minerals that can mimic mechanical properties of the tooth and bone in addition to promoting more natural repair of surrounding tissues. Turning these new technologies to products and practices would improve health care worldwide.

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Analysis of the Buffering Systems in Dental Plaque

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Changes in Lactate and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva after a Fluoride Rinse and Subsequent Sucrose Administration

Changes in Lactate and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva after a Fluoride Rinse and Subsequent Sucrose Administration

The pH change after HCl titration into resting and stimulated saliva for a buffering capacity test

Demineralization–remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone

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Analysis of the Buffering Systems in Dental Plaque

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Changes in Lactate and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva after a Fluoride Rinse and Subsequent Sucrose Administration

Changes in Lactate and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva after a Fluoride Rinse and Subsequent Sucrose Administration

The pH change after HCl titration into resting and stimulated saliva for a buffering capacity test

Demineralization&ndash;remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone

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Demineralization–remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone