Analysis of the association between lactotransferrin (LTF) gene polymorphism and dental caries

Azevedo, Luiza Foltran; Pecharki, Giovana Daniela; Brancher, João Armando; Cordeiro, Carlos; Medeiros, Kamilla Gabriella dos Santos; Antunes, Alessandra Armstrong; Arruda, Eduardo Silva; Werneck, Renata Iani; Azevedo, Luciana Reis; Mazur, Rui Fernando; Moysés, Samuel Jorge; Moysés, Simone Tetü; Faucz, Fábio R.; Trevilatto, Paula Cristina

doi:10.1590/s1678-77572010000200011

Cited by 61 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…One of the unspecific immunological factors (innate) is antimicrobial proteins: lysozyme, lactoperoxidase system, lactoferrin, high weight molecular glycoproteins and other salivary components that can act as bacterial aglutinines (2)(3)(4). Innate human salivary defense proteins such as lysozyme, lactoferrin and peroxidase are known to exert a wide antimicrobial activity against a number of bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens in vitro (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity and Synergism of Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Against Cariogenic Microorganisms

Andrade

Oliveira²,

Yoshie³

et al. 2014

Braz. Dent. J.

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The present study evaluated the antimicrobial in vitro effects of the salivary proteins lactoferrin and lysozyme on microorganisms involved in the carious process, obtaining their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 7469) were submitted to broth macrodilution of lysozyme at 80 mg/mL and lactoferrin at 200 mg/mL. The tubes were read in a spectrophotometer after they had been incubated at 37 °C for 18 h, in a carbon dioxide chamber, in order to read the MIC. A new subculture was carried on agar plates to obtain the MBC. The agar diffusion method was also tested, using BHI agar with 100 µL of the standardized microbial inocula. Filter-paper disks soaked in 10 µL of the solutions lactoferrin (200 µg/mL) and lysozyme (80 µg/mL) were placed on the agar surface. Inhibition halos were not observed on the plates, showing the absence of the antimicrobial effects of these proteins in this method. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of lysozyme on L. casei were 50.3 mg/mL and 43.1 mg/mL respectively. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on S. mutans were 68.5 mg/mL and 58.7 mg/mL. Lactoferrin did not induce any inhibitory effects on any microorganism, even in the concentration of 200 mg/mL. There was not a synergic antimicrobial effect of proteins, when they were tested together, even in the concentration of 42.8 mg/mL of lysozyme and 114 mg/mL of lactoferrin (the highest values evaluated). S. mutans and L. casei were only inhibited by lysozyme, not affected by lactoferrin and by the synergic use of both proteins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity and Synergism of Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Against Cariogenic Microorganisms

Andrade

Oliveira²,

Yoshie³

et al. 2014

Braz. Dent. J.

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“…In that study, subjects were assessed for caries, and genetic studies were done to determine their LTF variant genotypes. It was shown that subjects with the lysine LTF variant had significantly less caries, and it was suggested that the lysine variant had a protective effect against caries in this genetic association study (12). While the data were loosely connected, neither of the above-cited studies (11,12) conclusively proved a direct functional link between the lysine variant in human saliva and (i) a preferential activity of this saliva against S. mutans and other acid-producing/caries-associated bacteria or (ii) reduced caries levels in humans homozygous for this lysine variant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

“…It was shown that subjects with the lysine LTF variant had significantly less caries, and it was suggested that the lysine variant had a protective effect against caries in this genetic association study (12). While the data were loosely connected, neither of the above-cited studies (11,12) conclusively proved a direct functional link between the lysine variant in human saliva and (i) a preferential activity of this saliva against S. mutans and other acid-producing/caries-associated bacteria or (ii) reduced caries levels in humans homozygous for this lysine variant. This is the first report to isolate, identify, and characterize LTF in human saliva as a major protein with anti-S. mutans activity and to demonstrate that saliva containing this lysine variant protein displays antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and a host of other acid-producing oral bacteria.…”

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confidence: 57%

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A Lactotransferrin Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Demonstrates Biological Activity That Can Reduce Susceptibility to Caries

Fine

Toruner²,

Velliyagounder

et al. 2013

Infect Immun

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bStreptococcus mutans is prominently linked to dental caries. Saliva's influence on caries is incompletely understood. Our goal was to identify a salivary protein with anti-S. mutans activity, characterize its genotype, and determine genotypic variants associated with S. mutans activity and reduced caries. An S. mutans affinity column was used to isolate active moieties from saliva obtained from a subject with minimal caries. The bound and eluted protein was identified as lactotransferrin (LTF) by matrixassisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis and confirmed by Western blotting with LTF antibody. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that produced a shift from arginine (R) to lysine (K) at amino acid position 47 in the LTF antimicrobial region (rs: 1126478) killed S. mutans in vitro. Saliva from a subject with moderate caries and with the LTF "wild-type" R form at position 47 had no such activity. A pilot genetic study (n ‫؍‬ 30) showed that KK subjects were more likely to have anti-S. mutans activity than RR subjects (P ‫؍‬ 0.001; relative risk ‫؍‬ 3.6; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] ‫؍‬ 1.5 to 11.13). Pretreatment of KK saliva with antibody to LTF reduced S. mutans killing in a dose-dependent manner (P ‫؍‬ 0.02). KK subjects were less likely to have caries (P ‫؍‬ 0.02). A synthetic 11-mer LTF/K peptide killed S. mutans and other caries-related bacteria, while the LTF/R peptide had no effect (P ‫؍‬ 0.01). Our results provide functional evidence that the LTF/K variant results in both anti-S. mutans activity and reduced decay. We suggest that the LTF/K variant can influence oral microbial ecology in general and caries-provoking microbes specifically.

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“…LTF is a member of the transferrin family that has roles in the innate immune response and is involved in anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-microbial activity (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The LTF gene is polymorphic, and several common alleles occur in the general population (3,(7)(8)(9). Alterations in the LTF gene in cells are associated with an increased incidence of cancer (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression levels of JNK associated with polymorphic lactotransferrin haplotypes in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Luo

Zhou

et al. 2016

Oncology Letters

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Analysis of the association between lactotransferrin (LTF) gene polymorphism and dental caries

Cited by 61 publications

References 25 publications

Antimicrobial Activity and Synergism of Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Against Cariogenic Microorganisms

Antimicrobial Activity and Synergism of Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Against Cariogenic Microorganisms

A Lactotransferrin Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Demonstrates Biological Activity That Can Reduce Susceptibility to Caries

Expression levels of JNK associated with polymorphic lactotransferrin haplotypes in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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