Analysis of the Anatomic Changes of the Aging Facial Skeleton Using Computer-Assisted Tomography

Richard, Michael; Morris, Caroline; Deen, Byron F.; Gray, Linda; Woodward, Julie

doi:10.1097/iop.0b013e3181b2f766

Cited by 143 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There was also an interactive effect between age and gender: As age increased, the TOV of men increased more rapidly than that of women. Since the bony elements decrease with age in the whole body (15), the finding that decrements in orbital angles and the volume of the bony orbit also occur with age, in a similar manner to those in the axial skeleton (16,17) is not surprising. However, considering the results of the present study, the total volume loss of the orbital structures appears to be less than that of the bony orbital volume, which may be due to replacement of the lost volume with adipose tissue.…”

Section: Unstandardized Coefficients --------------------------------mentioning

confidence: 90%

Exploration of orbital and orbital soft-tissue volume changes with gender and body parameters using magnetic resonance imaging

Erkoç

Öztoprak

Gümüş

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to examine the total orbital volume (TOV) and total orbital fat volume (TOFV) in normal orbits in different age groups and to investigate the correlation of these measurements with age, gender and body parameters by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI data were acquired retrospectively from a total of 1,453 subjects divided into five age groups with 10-year intervals. The TOV and TOFV were measured using T1-weighted MRI for each subject and body parameters were also obtained. The measurements demonstrated that TOV increased with age and that the volume was larger in men than in women. While weight and height exhibited positive correlations with TOV in male and female subjects in the 20-29, 30-39 and 40-49-year-old age groups, only weight showed a positive correlation with TOV in female subjects in the 50-59 and 60-69-year-old age groups. However, TOFV increased by age in all groups and the increments were larger in women than in men. These results provide basic information about the effect of age, gender and body parameters on TOV and TOFV. The variations in TOV are associated with orbital soft-tissues changes rather than with TOFV.

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Section: Unstandardized Coefficients --------------------------------mentioning

confidence: 90%

Exploration of orbital and orbital soft-tissue volume changes with gender and body parameters using magnetic resonance imaging

Erkoç

Öztoprak

Gümüş

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…Several studies associate these changes in appearance and mobility of the face with age progression, especially compared with young individuals (22)(23)(24)(25) . However, this progressive relationship was not found in the present article, probably because the sample is composed exclusively of patients aged 60 years or older, where structural changes are believed to be already in place and tend to advance slowly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thinning of the epidermis and dermis, as well as fragmented collagen fibers, are known structural modifications in aged skin. Furthermore, skeletal changes occur as age progresses; some areas continue to grow, while others present bone resorption, promoting new angles between the facial bones (22,23) . The transformation of muscular insertions associated with reduction in elasticity of the dermis, reduction of the mobility and tension of facial muscles, and increase of the subcutaneous adipose layer, make up facial flaccidity, a characteristic of aging (24)(25)(26)(27) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Características orofaciais de idosos funcionalmente independentes

Silva

Couto

Becker

et al. 2017

CoDAS

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RESUMO Objetivo conhecer as características orofaciais de idosos funcionalmente independentes e analisar a associação com a idade, gênero, nível socioeconômico e estado dentário. Método estudo observacional, transversal de caráter analítico com amostra não probabilística. Foi aplicado o instrumento validado “Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escalas para Idoso” em sujeitos funcionalmente independentes com idade igual ou acima de 60 anos, em boas condições de saúde segundo avaliação geriátrica padronizada, intitulada Protocolo de Avaliação Multidimensional do Idoso. Resultados os idosos apresentaram padrões de normalidade acima de 60% nos parâmetros de aspecto e mobilidade das estruturas. As alterações significantes foram: sulco nasolabial acentuado; bochechas flácidas ou arqueadas; vedamento labial com tensão ou ausência de vedamento e comissuras labiais deprimidas. As alterações de mobilidade foram pequenas, entre 20,6% e 33,8%, com maior prevalência na elevação da língua e lateralização do ar em bochechas infladas e da mandíbula. Não houve relação destes achados perante a progressão da idade e as classes socioeconômicas. As mulheres apresentaram maior chance de exibirem aspecto normal dos lábios e alguma alteração da mobilidade. O número de dentes associou-se com o volume e a configuração dos lábios e a mobilidade da mandíbula. Além disso, o uso de prótese dentária associou-se significativamente com o aspecto do sulco nasolabial e a tensão/configuração das bochechas. Conclusão este trabalho sugere que o sistema oromiofacial encontra-se dentro dos padrões de normalidade na maioria dos idosos funcionalmente independentes. O que ampara a atuação multiprofissional na prevenção, promoção e tratamento da saúde oromiofuncional dos idosos.

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“…CT has been used to evaluate age-related changes in deeper facial structures such as facial bones. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]23 Other studies have examined age-related volumetric changes in the facial soft tissue and described an increase in the orbital fat and lower eyelid fat, as well as selective atrophy in the cheek fat associated with increasing patient age. 1,[24][25][26][27] While prior studies have described the repositioning of facial soft tissues and the volume changes in the facial fat as primary contributors to the appearance of an older face, it is also possible that specific, age-related changes in facial tissue properties also contribute to the findings associated with an older appearing face.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR relaxometry for the facial ageing assessment: the preliminary study of the age dependency in the MR relaxometry parameters within the facial soft tissue

Watanabe

Buch

Fujita

et al. 2015

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives: To investigate the location-specific tissue properties and age-related changes of the facial fat and facial muscles using quantitative MRI (qMRI) analysis of longitudinal magnetization (T1) and transverse magnetization (T2) values. Methods: 38 subjects (20 males and 18 females, 0.5-87 years old) were imaged with a mixed turbo-spin echo sequence at 1.5 T. T1 and T2 measurements were obtained within regions of interest in six facial fat regions including the buccal fat and subcutaneous cheek fat, four eyelid fat regions (lateral upper, medial upper, lateral lower and medial lower) and five facial muscles including the orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus major and masseter muscles bilaterally. Results: Within the zygomaticus major muscle, age-associated T1 decreases in females and T1 increases in males were observed in later life with an increase in T2 values with age. The orbicularis oculi muscles showed lower T1 and higher T2 values compared to the masseter, orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles, which demonstrated small age-related changes. The dramatic age-related changes were also observed in the eyelid fat regions, particularly within the lower eyelid fat; negative correlations with age in T1 values (p , 0.0001 for age) and prominent positive correlation in T2 values in male subjects (p , 0.0001 for male 3 age). Age-related changes were not observed in T2 values within the subcutaneous cheek fat. Conclusions: This study demonstrates proof of concept using T1 and T2 values to assess agerelated changes of the facial soft tissues, demonstrating tissue-specific qMRI measurements and non-uniform ageing patterns within different regions of facial soft tissues. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2015) 44, 20150047. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20150047 Cite this article as: Watanabe M, Buch K, Fujita A, Christiansen CL, Jara H, Sakai O. MR relaxometry for the facial ageing assessment: the preliminary study of the age dependency in the MR relaxometry parameters within the facial soft tissue. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2015; 44: 20150047.Keywords: ageing; facial muscles; adipose tissue; magnetic resonance imaging; quantitative evaluation IntroductionThe face is a complex, multifunctional structure responsible for conveying various emotional expressions. The investigations into the mechanisms of facial ageing have revealed a multifactorial process involving a combination of structures with functional and structural changes including loss of elasticity, facial fat atrophy, weakened muscular support and bony Correspondence to: Dr Memi Watanabe. E-mail: memi.watanabe@bmc.org Cindy L Christiansen received funds from Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, for statistical support. Hernán Jara is named inventor in several patents held by Boston University and Boston Medical Center pertaining to quantitative MRI and Synthetic MRI algorithms and these could be licensed to a major MRI manufacturer (negotiations are taking place with GE Healthcare). Hernán Jara also has received royal...

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Analysis of the Anatomic Changes of the Aging Facial Skeleton Using Computer-Assisted Tomography

Cited by 143 publications

References 12 publications

Exploration of orbital and orbital soft-tissue volume changes with gender and body parameters using magnetic resonance imaging

Exploration of orbital and orbital soft-tissue volume changes with gender and body parameters using magnetic resonance imaging

Características orofaciais de idosos funcionalmente independentes

MR relaxometry for the facial ageing assessment: the preliminary study of the age dependency in the MR relaxometry parameters within the facial soft tissue

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