Analysis of the 2009 earthquake swarm near Sunset Crater volcano, Arizona

Brumbaugh, D. S.; Hodge, B. E.; Linville, Lisa; Cohen, Alvin J.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.07.016

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Elson et al (2011) and Ort et al (2008aOrt et al ( , 2008b use many techniques to argue that the eruption occurred between August of 1084 and March of 1085 CE with the month-level precision based upon the immature corn found in the lava spatter and the lack of springtime reworking of tephra within the sequence (reworking occurred afterward). Brumbaugh et al (2014) interpret that a 6.5 hours-long earthquake swarm in 2009 recorded a basaltic intrusion at 14-27 km depth ~5 km west of Sunset Crater along a trend parallel to the nearby Mesa Butte fault.…”

Section: San Francisco (Arizona)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Quaternary basaltic volcanic fields of the American Southwest

2021

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The southwestern United States contains numerous monogenetic basaltic volcanoes distributed in intraplate volcanic fields. We review, on a regional scale, our current understanding of the Quaternary basalts with a focus on aspects pertinent to hazard assessment, such as physical volcanology and geochronology, while also summarizing the several petrogenetic conceptual models that have been proposed for the range of local tectonic settings in the region. We count 2229 volcanoes in 37 volcanic fields (including the Pinacate volcanic field, which is mostly in northern Sonora, Mexico). Volcanic landforms are dominantly scoria cones and ramparts with attendant lava fields that have a spectrum of ‘a'ā and blocky to pāhoehoe morphologies, while a small percentage of the volcanoes are maars and tuff cones. Explosive eruption styles that were driven mainly by magmatic volatiles, where they have been studied in detail, included Hawaiian, Strombolian, violent Strombolian, and sub-Plinian activity. The latter two have resulted in substantial fallout deposits that can be traced tens of kilometers from source vents. Phreatomagmatic styles have produced pyroclastic current (mainly pyroclastic surges), ballistic, and fallout deposits. These eruption styles pose hazards to humans when they occur in populated areas and to air travel and regional infrastructure even in sparsely populated areas. All but one of the major volcanic fields (fields that contain ∼100 or more Quaternary volcanoes) together form a northwest-southeast–trending band, which we suggest may reflect an influence of plate-boundary-related shearing on melt segregation in the upper mantle along with other factors; this view is consistent with recent global positioning system (GPS) and structural geologic data indicating the influence of dextral motion along the North America-Pacific plate boundary deep inside the Southwest. Of the 2229 Quaternary volcanoes identified, ∼548 (25%) have been dated, and only ∼15% have been dated with methods such as 40Ar/39Ar and cosmogenic surface exposure methods that are considered optimal for young basalts. Acknowledging the large uncertainty due to the poor geochronological data coverage, we use a simple Poisson model to provide a first-order estimate of recurrence rates of monogenetic volcanoes on the scale of the region as a whole; recurrence rates using our compiled age data set range from 3.74 × 10−4 yr−1 to 8.63 × 10−4 yr−1. These values are only based on dated and mapped volcanoes, respectively, and do not account for undated and buried volcanoes or other uncertainties in the volcano count. The time between monogenetic eruptions in the Southwest is similar to the repose times of some polygenetic volcanoes, which suggests that the regional hazard is potentially commensurate with the hazard from a reawakening stratovolcano such as those in the Cascade Range. Notable in our review is that only a few volcanoes have been the subject of physical volcanological characterization, interpretation, and detailed petrologic study that may elucidate factors such as magma generation, ascent (including time scales), and controls on eruption style.

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Section: San Francisco (Arizona)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Quaternary basaltic volcanic fields of the American Southwest

2021

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“…Seismic swarms are usually classified in three family types (A -panel a, B -panel b, C -panel c,Farrell et al, 2009;Brumbaugh et al, 2014). From our results at El Hierro in 2011-2015, we propose a fourth family type D (panel d), characterized by an increasing number of VT earthquakes and their magnitudes with time, and by a quick decay of the seismicity, in a matter of hours after a mainshock usually exceeding M4.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The morphology of El Hierro island (27.7 • N; 18.0 • W) has been attributed to a triple volcanic rift with the NE, NW, and S axes of these rifts diverging by about 120 • from each other (Carracedo et al, 1999). The island landscape displays abundant dikes and fissures (Gee et al, 2001), as well as major landslides (Masson et al, 2002).…”

Section: El Hierro Volcanic Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). Currently, VT earthquake swarms are classified according to three family types proposed by Benoit and McNutt (1996), and later updated by Farrell et al (2009) and Brumbaugh et al (2014): type Amainshock and aftershocks; type B -foreshocks, mainshock, and aftershocks; and type C -swarms without a mainshock. Further examination of the lower part of Fig.…”

Section: El Hierro Volcanic Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term volcano-tectonic earthquake forecasts based on a moving mean recurrence time algorithm: the El Hierro seismo-volcanic crisis experience

García¹,

Cruz‐Reyna

Marrero

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Under certain conditions, volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes may pose significant hazards to people living in or near active volcanic regions, especially on volcanic islands; however, hazard arising from VT activity caused by localized volcanic sources is rarely addressed in the literature. The evolution of VT earthquakes resulting from a magmatic intrusion shows some orderly behaviour that may allow the occurrence and magnitude of major events to be forecast. Thus governmental decision makers can be supplied with warnings of the increased probability of larger-magnitude earthquakes on the short-term timescale. We present here a methodology for forecasting the occurrence of large-magnitude VT events during volcanic crises; it is based on a mean recurrence time (MRT) algorithm that translates the Gutenberg-Richter distribution parameter fluctuations into time windows of increased probability of a major VT earthquake. The MRT forecasting algorithm was developed after observing a repetitive pattern in the seismic swarm episodes occurring between July and November 2011 at El Hierro (Canary Islands). From then on, this methodology has been applied to the consecutive seismic crises registered at El Hierro, achieving a high success rate in the real-time forecasting, within 10-day time windows, of volcano-tectonic earthquakes.

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Section: San Francisco (Arizona)mentioning

confidence: 91%