Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Precipitable Water Vapor According to Path of Typhoon EWINIAR using GPS Permanent Stations

Won, Ji Hye; Kim, Dusik

doi:10.11003/jpnt.2015.4.2.087

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Then, IPWV over the northwest area was gradually more than the southeast in shown in Figure 14d,e, i.e., the moving trend of PWV is northwest. Comparing the moving trends of the typhoon and the PWV, we can find that the moving of PWV and the migration of the typhoon were similar, which was consistent with the typhoon cases presented in [50,51]. In addition, Figure 14b-e shows a small circle around the HKST station, which means a local minimum of IPWV.…”

Section: Pwv(mm)supporting

confidence: 79%

“…This agreed with our experimental results ( Figure 13). In addition, Figure 14 showed the movement direction of regional PWV depending on the migration of a typhoon and this characteristic can be found in the cases [50,51] in which GNSS-PWV was used to study typhoons. These suggest that the movement of PWV in the region of interest may be used to estimate the movement of a typhoon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this method is largely limited by the number and distribution of GNSS satellites and can hardly provide a numeric value for the movement speed of a typhoon. Another method that uses normalized GNSS-PWV to estimate the movement speed of a typhoon requires sufficient number of GNSS stations and cannot estimate the movement direction of a typhoon [50]. Compared with these two models, the model proposed in this study only requires a moderate number of GNSS stations and can estimate both velocity and direction of a typhoon's movement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-Time GNSS-Derived PWV for Typhoon Characterizations: A Case Study for Super Typhoon Mangkhut in Hong Kong

Zhang

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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Typhoons can be serious natural disasters for the sustainability and development of society. The development of a typhoon usually involves a pre-existing weather disturbance, warm tropical oceans, and a large amount of moisture. This implies that a large variation in the atmospheric water vapor over the path of a typhoon can be used to study the characteristics of the typhoon. This is the reason that the variation in precipitable water vapor (PWV) is often used to capture the signature of a typhoon in meteorology. This study investigates the usability of real-time PWV retrieved from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for typhoons’ characterizations, and especially, the following aspects were investigated: (1) The correlation between PWV and atmospheric parameters including pressure, temperature, precipitation, and wind speed; (2) water vapor transportation during a typhoon period; and (3) the correlation between the movement of a typhoon and the transportation of water vapor. The case study selected for this research was Super Typhoon Mangkhut that occurred in mid-September 2018 in Hong Kong. The PWV time series were obtained from a conversion of GNSS-derived zenith total delays (ZTDs) using observations at 10 stations selected from the Hong Kong GNSS continuously operating reference stations (CORS) network, which are also located along the path of the typhoon. The Bernese GNSS Software (ver. 5.2) was used to obtain the ZTDs; and the root mean square (RMS) of the differences between the GNSS-ZTDs and International GNSS Service post-processed ZTDs time series was less than 8 mm. The RMS of the differences between the GNSS-PWVs (i.e., the ZTDs converted PWVs) and radiosonde-derived PWVs (RS-PWVs) time series was less than 2 mm. The changes in PWV reflect the variation in wind speed during the typhoon period to a certain degree, and their correlation coefficient was 0.76, meaning a significant positive correlation. In addition, a new approach was proposed to estimate the direction and speed of a typhoon’s movement using the time difference of PWV arrival at different sites. The direction and speed estimated agreed well with the ones published by the China Meteorological Administration. These results suggest that GNSS-derived PWV has a great potential for the monitoring and even prediction of typhoon events, especially for near real-time warnings.

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Section: Pwv(mm)supporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-Time GNSS-Derived PWV for Typhoon Characterizations: A Case Study for Super Typhoon Mangkhut in Hong Kong

Zhang

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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“…Nam & Song (2015) analyzed a correlation between GPS PWV and amount of snowfall and other meteorological factors during the heavy snow period in Gangwon in 2014. Won & Kim (2015) presented analysis on spatiotemporal changes in PWV in the path of typhoon Ewiniar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Mapping Functions and Mean Temperature Equations for GNSS Precipitable Water Vapor in the Korean Peninsula

Park¹,

Yoo²,

Yoon³

et al. 2016

Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing

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The performance of up-to-date mapping functions and various mean temperature equations were analyzed to derive optimal mapping function and mean temperature equation when GNSS precipitable water vapor (PWV) was investigated in the Korean Peninsula. Bernese GNSS Software 5.2, which can perform high precision GNSS data processing, was used for accurate analysis, and zenith total delay (ZTD) required to calculate PWV was estimated via the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method. GNSS, radiosonde, and meteorological data from 2009 to 2014 were acquired from Sokcho Observatory and used. ZTDs estimated by applying the global mapping function (GMF) and Vienna mapping function 1 (VMF1) were compared with each other in order to evaluate the performance of the mapping functions. To assess the performance of mean temperature equations, GNSS PWV was calculated by using six mean temperature equations and a difference with radiosonde PWV was investigated. Conclusively, accuracy of data processing was improved more when using VMF1 than using GMF. A mean temperature equation proposed by Wu (2003)

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“…In addition, some researchers proposed to use PWV time series over several GNSS ground tracking stations in a region to estimate the movements of a super typhoon [21], [22]. Many results were based on only one TC case, especially for super typhoons [23]- [25], which might not sufficiently reveal the true characteristics of water vapor or may not be applicable to other cases. To address this problem, in this study six TC events occurred in 2017 in the Hong Kong region were investigated, and the temporal and spatial variation trends of PWV over the region during the TCs' periods were investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitable Water Vapor Converted from GNSS-ZTD and ERA5 Datasets for the Monitoring of Tropical Cyclones

Shen

Wan

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Tropical cyclones (TCs) are intense rotating storm systems, characterized by strong winds, heavy humidity and storm surges, and usually cause an abnormal increase in regional water vapor during the period of their occurrence. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is well-established and initially mainly for positioning, navigation and timing. However, due to their global coverage and 24/7 operability under all weather conditions, GNSS has been widely used in meteorology such as the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV). Since PWV time series obtained from a regional ground GNSS tracking stations network has high temporal and spatial resolutions, in this research, the temporal and spatial variation trends of regional PWVs during several TCs' periods in Hong Kong were investigated, and a new method using high-resolution GNSS-PWV time series to estimate a TC's movement was proposed. Test data were from 15 GNSS tracking stations equipped with meteorological sensors, and three GNSS stations without meteorological sensors but using meteorological data interpolated from ERA5 (fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting) dataset, and six TC events occurred in 2017 were selected for cases studies. Moreover, for a better accuracy of GNSS-PWV, which is converted from the zenith wet delay of the GNSS signal multiplying a conversion factor that uses a weighted mean temperature (T m), a seasonal multi-factor T m model was established and tested. Results showed that the new T m model outperformed the previous regional T m model used in Hong Kong. In addition, based on the temporal variation trend and spatial distribution of the regional PWV, one can determine if a TC approaches the region. A geometric approach to estimating a TC's movement was developed and its test results agreed well with the truth. These results suggest the potential of using GNSS signals to monitor the movements of TCs for short-time TC forecasting due to their high temporal resolution. INDEX TERMS Tropical cyclone, global navigation satellite system, precipitable water vapor, weighted mean temperature, ERA5. I. INTRODUCTION Over recent years, increasing tropical cyclone (TC) events occurred frequently in the North Pacific, Indian Ocean, Southwest Pacific and North Atlantic, causing considerable damage in nearby cities [1]-[5]. Many countries, provinces and cities have set up meteorological departments, which take the early warning and forecasting of TCs as a key task. Water vapor, as a main component of the atmosphere, is a key factor The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Gerardo Di Martino. influencing TCs' development [6], [7]. The monitoring of regional water vapor variation is critical for the forecasting of the movement, intensity and rainfall of TCs [8]-[10]. Traditional techniques for the acquisition of atmospheric water vapor, such as infrared satellite remote sensing, radiosondes (RS) and microwave radiometers, have the disa...

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Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Precipitable Water Vapor According to Path of Typhoon EWINIAR using GPS Permanent Stations

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Real-Time GNSS-Derived PWV for Typhoon Characterizations: A Case Study for Super Typhoon Mangkhut in Hong Kong

Real-Time GNSS-Derived PWV for Typhoon Characterizations: A Case Study for Super Typhoon Mangkhut in Hong Kong

Performance Analysis of Mapping Functions and Mean Temperature Equations for GNSS Precipitable Water Vapor in the Korean Peninsula

Precipitable Water Vapor Converted from GNSS-ZTD and ERA5 Datasets for the Monitoring of Tropical Cyclones

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