Analysis of tear film spatial instability for pediatric myopia under treatment

Fang

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

Most studies about dry eye disease (DED) chose unilateral eye for investigation and drew conclusions based on monocular results, whereas most studies involving tear proteomics were based on the results of pooling tears from a group of DED patients. Patients with DED were consecutively enrolled for binocular clinical tests, tear biochemical markers of DED, and tear proteome. We found that bilateral eyes of DED patients may have similar but different ocular surface performance and tear proteome. Most ocular surface homeostatic markers and tear biomarkers were not significantly different in the bilateral eyes of DED subjects, and most clinical parameters and tear biomarkers were correlated significantly between bilateral eyes. However, discrepant binocular presentation in the markers of ocular surface homeostasis and the associations with tear proteins suggested that one eye’s performance cannot represent that of the other eye or both eyes. Therefore, in studies for elucidating tear film homeostasis of DED, we may lose some important messages hidden in the fellow eye if we collected clinical and proteomic data only from a unilateral eye. For mechanistic studies, it is recommended that researchers collect tear samples from the eye with more severe DED under sensitive criteria for identifying the more severe eye and evaluating the tear biochemical and proteomic markers with binocular concordance drawn in prior binocular studies.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear Proteomics Study of Dry Eye Disease: Which Eye Do You Adopt as the Representative Eye for the Study?

Fang

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

“…Wang et al (29) reported that TMH was significantly increased at 1 and 3 months compared with the pre-wearing level but did not affect the meibomian gland function. In the study reported by Cho, there was no significant difference in TMH and TBUT between children with different myopia treatment methods and normal children (35). Xie et al (30) showed that the use of OK lenses did not affect basic tear secretion and ocular surface inflammation in myopic children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Application of orthokeratology on myopia control and its effect on ocular surface and meibomian gland function in Chinese myopic adolescents

Wang

Song-guo

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the influence of orthokeratology (OK) on myopia control and ocular surface and meibomian gland function in myopic adolescents.MethodsA prospective study was conducted over a 12-month period. The subjects were classified into two groups, namely, the OK lens group and the frame glasses control group. Axial length, corneal curvature, ocular surface, and meibomian gland parameters were measured at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after wearing OK lenses.ResultsThe axial length growth rate in the OK group was significantly slower than in the control group (P < 0.01). The naked eye vision and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores recorded 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after wearing OK lenses were significantly higher than the scores recorded before wearing OK lenses. There was no significant difference in other ocular parameters at each follow-up time point compared with pre-wearing (P > 0.05). After using the OK lens for 6 months, the OSDI score and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score increased significantly (P < 0.001), but there were no significant differences in other parameters among the groups. No infectious keratitis occurred during the study.ConclusionThese results provide evidence that the use of OK lenses can control the axial growth and progress rate of myopia compared with frame glasses. During the 12-month follow-up, although wearing OK lenses may have aggravated dry eye symptoms, each patient’s ocular surface and meibomian gland function did not change significantly, indicating that the use of OK lenses is a relatively safe modality for the control of myopia in adolescents.

“…Of course, there are certain disadvantages to orthokeratology since it must make direct contact with the cornea, which can change the ocular surface and cause the stability of the tear lm to shift in a distinctive way [22] . As the most anterior refractive surface of the eye, the tear lm is crucial to achieving high optical quality of the ocular surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of orthokeratology on the remodeling of the anterior corneal surface and the delaying of eye axis growth in children.

zhang,

zhu,

zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

Purpose Our study aims to analyze the effect of orthokeratology (OK) lenses on the development of myopia and eye axis growth in children while also evaluating the corneal reconstruction that occurs as a result. The study seeks to explore the correlation between the flat K of the central cornea and the changes in the axial length resulting from the use of OK lenses. Methods This study focused on patients aged 8–15 years old who were wearing OK lenses and receiving treatment at the pediatric outpatient clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. The patients underwent various examinations, including slit lamp examination, visual acuity, computerized optometry, intraocular pressure, biometric measurement, and corneal topography examination before treatment and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. All patients were divided into four groups according to age: younger group (8–11 years); older group (12–15 years) and initial degree of myopia: (low-grade myopia group (-1.00 D < SE < 3.25D); medium myopia group (-3.25 D < SE < 6.00D). The study followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software, and the expected results were discussed and analyzed. Results After wearing OK lenses, all four groups achieved good visual acuity at the 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. By the 6th month, both the LL and LM groups, as well as the HL and HM groups, achieved a standard visual acuity of approximately 1.0. There were noticeable differences in the initial eye-axis lengths among the four groups (P < 0.001). Specifically, the LM group had greater eye-axis lengths than the LL group (P < 0.001), while the HM group had greater eye-axis lengths than the HL group (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the amount of change in the ocular axis at 1, 3, and 6 months between the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the amount of change in the corneal flat K-value at 1, 3, and 6 months between the groups (P1 = 0.001, P3 = 0.001, and P6 = 0.004, 0.05) but not in the amount of change in the e-value (P1 = 0.205, P3 = 0.252, > 0.05, not statistically significant); regression analysis of the amount of change in the k-value and the amount of change in the e-value revealed no statistically significant differences Conclusion The results show that the shaping effect of OK glasses on the cornea does not correlate significantly with the age and initial myopia of the child and that the rate of delayed axial growth with appropriate OK glasses is consistent across children of different ages and initial myopia; changes in flat K and e values do not accurately predict each individual. Axial growth of the eye may be impacted by changes in e-values due to the shaping action of orthokeratology lenses. According to our theory, axial development may be lessened, and the shift in morphology from the center to the peripheral zone of the cornea will be more obvious with a larger corneal e-value change.