2003
DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00770-2
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Analysis of steroid hormones in effluents of wastewater treatment plants by liquid chromatoraphy–tandem mass spectrometry

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Cited by 119 publications
(62 citation statements)
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“…The occurrence of these hormones in the environment is receiving considerable attention due to the fact that most of these compounds are endocrine disrupting chemicals (Christiansen et al, 2002;Cui et al, 2006;Zheng et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2016). Several studies have demonstrated that wastewater treatment systems are the main source of estrogens to aquatic environment (Ingrand et al, 2003;Swart & Pool, 2007;Yoon et al, 2012;Belhaj et al, 2014). A reliable analytical technique is necessary for separation, detection and quantification of the estrogens in the environmental matrix such as water.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The occurrence of these hormones in the environment is receiving considerable attention due to the fact that most of these compounds are endocrine disrupting chemicals (Christiansen et al, 2002;Cui et al, 2006;Zheng et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2016). Several studies have demonstrated that wastewater treatment systems are the main source of estrogens to aquatic environment (Ingrand et al, 2003;Swart & Pool, 2007;Yoon et al, 2012;Belhaj et al, 2014). A reliable analytical technique is necessary for separation, detection and quantification of the estrogens in the environmental matrix such as water.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…GC/MS, [10][11][12] LC/MS 12,13 and LC/MS/MS 12,14 are among the most reliable methods for the determination of estrogens at very low concentration although they may be slightly inferior in terms of sensitivity as compared with an immunoassay, and the instruments are very expensive. On the other hand, enzyme immunoassays are able to sensitively and selectively measure estrogens and can treat a great number of samples at the same time.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PPCPs completely from effluents of WWTPs (Ingrand et al, 2003;Esperanza et al, 2004;Sui et al, 2010;Lacey et al, 2011;Ryu et al, 2011). The typical rate of removal of analgesics, anti-inflammatories and beta-blockers are 30% to 40%.…”
Section: Why Do We Need To Monitor Them?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…High performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry has been shown as a valuable alternative for detection of PPCPs and EDCs to overcome the drawbacks of GC-MS (Gardinali and Zhao, 2002;Gentili et al, 2002;Ingrand et al, 2003;Cahill et al, 2004;Castiglioni et al, 2005;Schlüsener and Bester, 2005;Martnez Bueno et al, 2007;Gros et al, 2009;Laven et al, 2009;Huerta-Fontela et al, 2010;Jian-lin et al, 2010). Electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) are the three most common ionization techniques coupled with liquid chromatography (Marchi et al, 2009).…”
Section: Ionization Techniquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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