Highlights:Graphical/Tabular Abstract It was found that cutting parameters have a significant effect on surface integrity. Surface integrity results obtained with cutting tools with MF turned out to be better than those obtained with cutting tools with MM. As the rake angle increased, the surface integrity improved as well.
Purpose:The aim of this conducted study, depending on the different cutting tool forms and the change in cutting parameters, can be summarized as measurement of the surface roughness on machined workpieces and the cutting forces formed during the cutting experiments, and determination of the residual stresses having occurred after machining, and establishing metallurgical structure of the surface layers (determination of microstructural changes and measurement of microhardness) and exhibiting the relation of all of them with each other, and improvement of surface integrity.
Theory and Methods:TC-35 JOHNFORD brand CNC lathe was used in the experiments. The cutting forces were measured with a dynamometer of KISTLER 9275B type. The Mahr Perthometer M1 surface roughness meter was used to measure the surface roughness of the workpieces. The residual stresses were determined by X-ray diffraction technique using sin 2 ψ method. SHIMADZU HMV2 microhardness device was used to measure the hardness of the specimens occurring during chip removal processes. Microstructural characterization studies were performed with Jeol JSM 6060LV model Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Results:The findings obtained from this experimental study were evaluated and summarized as follows.In all cutting conditions, surface integrity was observed to get worsened when depth of cutting and feed value were increased, while it improved with the increase in cutting speed. When the cutting tool forms were compared, the best surface integrity results were obtained with MF-shaped cutting tools; however, the worst surface integrity results were obtained with MM-shaped cutting tools. As rake angle increased, surface integrity also improved. While the best surface integrity was obtained when the cutting speed was 200 m/min, the feed rate was 0.1 mm/rev and the depth of cut was 1.25 mm, the worst surface integrity was obtained when the cutting speed was 125 m/min, the feed rate was 0,3 mm/rev and the depth of cut was 2,5 mm.
Conclusion:As a result of literature review, no work, where the effects of cutting tool forms and cutting parameters on surface integrity have been undertaken as a whole in machining of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel, has been encountered. By doing so, it is a basic objective to determine the optimum shape of the cutting tool form affecting chip formation during the metal removal process, thereby minimize the variations in cutting forces, and ensure a good surface quality, and provide that the residual stresses on the machined surfaces are at minimum level. In this context, it will be another goal to keep the chip formation at optimum level, and reduce the negative effect of residual stresses on chip re...