Analysis of some metals in wine by means of capillary electrophoresis. Application to the differentiation of Ribeira Sacra Spanish red wines

Abstract

Abstract. The content of some metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Li) in a variety of red wines produced in different geographical zones of Galicia was determined in a single analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Data were processed using multivariate supervised and non-supervised chemometric techniques involving cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K nearest neighbours (KNN) and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA). The results obtained have allowed for the categorisation of wine samples according to their origin; the wines with Ribeira Sacra Certified Brand of Origin (CBO) can be differentiated from the wines of two other CBO from Galicia: Ribeiro and Valdeorras. The latter two types of wine are made with the same or similar grape varieties; hence, due to their similar organoleptic properties they are possible substitutes for the falsification of Ribeira Sacra wines.

Elemental composition of red wines in Southeast Turkey

“…These results present mean values for the three measurements performed for each sample. The results of the analyses are summarised in Tables 6-8. A high dispersion of the contents of the elements observed in wines was also described in the literature (Núñez et al 2000;Banović et al 2009;Şen & Tokatli 2014). Our results showed that the mineral compositions of wine and soils were interrelated.…”

“…Potassium is the main positive ion in wine (Boulton et al 1996). A number of factors affect the amount of potassium in wine, including the variety of grapes, soil and climatic conditions, time of harvest, the temperature of fermentation and storage, and the pH and the use of ion-exchange resins (Núñez et al 2000). Its concentration in wine ranges from 200 mg/l to 2000 mg/l (Margalit 1997).…”

“…The Na mineral level is extremely higher than in other studies (Kment et al 2005;Rodríguez et al 2011). This principal component can be related to soil composition and winemaking process (Núñez et al 2000). Excessive Na content in soil causes the salinity problem, which is a very important matter in the Southeastern region of Turkey, an area which has insufficient rain and corresponding high evaporation (Kendirli et al 2005).…”

“…A number of factors affecting the mineral content of wines have been reported, including mineral composition of soil, viticultural practices, environmental factors, fermentation process and the procedure of storage conditions (Fernandez 1988;Núñez et al 2000;Marini et al 2006). The metal content in wine is important due to their effect on the wine quality and on the health of consumers (Núñez et al 2003;Banović et al 2009).…”

Qualitative Assessment of the White Wine Varieties Grown in Dealu Bujorului Vineyard, Romania

“…For Romania d is 1.04. account: the biochemical characteristics of the must and wine, the sugar content and its acidity (Bunea, 2010;Joshi et al, 2014;Yuyuen et al, 2015;Brunel et al, 2016;Catania et al, 2016). The grape quality is directly influenced by the variety, the ecoclimatic conditions, soil (physic-chemical characteristics of the soil), the wine-making process, the wine transportation and storage, the level of the agro-technical works applied and zoning (Coombe, 1987;Fernandez 1988;Núñez et al, 2000;Marini et al, 2006;Voica et al, 2009;Rotaru et al, 2010;Bora et al, 2015a;Condurso et al, 2015).…”