Analysis of Shape Nonconformity between Embroidered Element and Its Digital Image

Abstract

Embroidery technologies are widely applied for developing decorative elements of original design in garments, for integrating threads intended for protection into garments and other articles. Nonconformity of the shape and dimensions of the embroidered element with the designed digital image is influenced by properties of embroidery threads and fibres, by the filling type, density of stitches and other technological parameters. The objective of the paper is to explore the influence made by properties of fabrics and by the direction of stitches of the actual embroidered element on conformity of the shape with one of the designed digital image. For the research, embroidery threads of different purpose as well as three woven fabrics have been selected. For preparation of test samples, round digital images have been designed filling the embroidery area in different stitch directions. Analysis of the results of the investigations has demonstrated that the shape and dimensions of the embroidered element failed to conform to the shape and dimensions of the designed digital image in most cases. In certain cases, e.g. when the stitch direction goes towards the middle of the embroidered element, a defect, i. e. hole, is observed due to considerable concentration of stitches in the centre of the element.

Analysis on the Conformity between the Closed-Circuit Embroidery Elements of Different Widths and the Digitally Designed Elements

“…As a result, depending on the parameters of the technological process, the characteristics of the loads, the technology of stitch making and the properties of the materials, their composition, and mechanical and physical properties change. Therefore, while investigating the defects of the embroidery systems and the reasons for their formation, the evaluation of the deformation of textile materials plays a very important role [1][2][3][4].…”

“…The form quality of the embroidery elements is immensely impacted by the technological peculiarities of the applied filling type [6]. It is worth mentioning that a smooth and even surface of the embroidery area is one of the main quality requirements, which is directly impacted by the uneven thickness of the upper and bottom threads, chosen to be used in the process of stitch making and also the relaxation process of the system itself and physical properties of the materials [1,4,7,8].…”

“…While analyzing rectangular mobile conversation antennas, embroidered applying different density, it has been obtained that the functionality of the antenna is influenced by the accuracy of the embroidery element, the type of filling, the orientation of the lines of stitches with regard to the thread system, and density [14]. The analysis shows that scientific research analyzing embroidery systems and the factors influencing the quality of their precision are becoming more and more relevant [1,2,7,[11][12][13]. To evaluate the deformation behavior of the…”

Technical Embroidery for Smart Textiles: Review

“…There is a great number of research projects that have investigated opportunities and specifics of embroidered electrodes for electrocardiography, electromyography and encephalography measurements (4), (36) − (40). Such electrodes are usually developed with the use of conductive yarns and are able to register electric potential generated by muscles, electric activity of neurons of the brain, and measure electrical conductance of skin.…”

“…Moreover, pattern creation with CAD software ensures rapid prototyping (40). Generally, technical applications of embroidery can be classified according to three main application fields, namely, engineering, medicine and smart textiles (Table I).…”