Analysis of rationality of coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG) production in China

Coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG) for municipal heating in China: analysis of haze pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions

“…So, under this CO 2 capture rate, the cost of the SNG production with CCS would increase by 0.093 US$/m 3 . It accounts for 48% of the cost of the SNG production without CCS, 0.195 US$/ m 3 (Li et al, 2014a). This additional cost will reduce dramatically the profitability of the SNG plants.…”

“…This amount of heat could approximately satisfy the heat needed by a house of 250 m 2 within 24 h. For heat generation process, the energy efficiency of SNG-fired boilers is set as 85% while that of coal-fired boilers is set as 70% based on the authoritative monitor data collected by State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine (Li et al, 2014a). The lower heating value of the SNG is 34.61 MJ/m 3 and that of the hard coal is 20.91 MJ/kg.…”

“…The previous work on life cycle costing (Li et al, 2014a) of the coal-based SNG used in residential sector, including municipal heating, household use, and public transport, revealed that the development of coal-based SNG production in China would lead to the high life cycle cost. It is widely considered that SNG for municipal heating could be a cleaner alternative than coal to the mitigation of haze pollution in metropolitan areas qualitatively.…”

“…The coal-based SNG plants are located in coal producing regions like Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Several large-scale SNG plants have been already established in those regions (Li et al, 2014a).…”

Energy return on investment, energy payback time, and greenhouse gas emissions of coal seam gas (CSG) production in China: a case of the Fanzhuang CSG project

“…The EF j values of the GHG profile for each lifecycle stage of CSG are present in Table 4, which are collected from the existing academic literature, including Skone and Littlefield (2013) and Su et al (2015). The ECF j values in Table 5 are taken from Li et al (2014). According to Kong et al (2016a), the Chinese energy intensity by GDP was 1.898 MJ/yuan in 2015, which was adjusted based on constant 2010 prices.…”