Coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG) for municipal heating in China: analysis of haze pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions

Li, Hengchong; Yang, Siyu; Zhang, Jun; Qian, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.078

Cited by 51 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…If natural gas is supplied for municipal heating in Beijing rather than coal, air pollutant emissions (PM2.5, SO2, NOX, etc.) would decrease by 52% in winter [50] because the inter-transport of pollution and the secondary aerosols O3, OC (organic carbon) and VOC (volatile organic compounds) promote pollution. Thus, reducing the levels of air pollutants during the cold season is imperative for public health [51].…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Patterns Of China's Principal Air Pollumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that the inter-transport of pollution accompanies high humidity is the dominant reason for the haze in East China [29,46] and Northern Taiwan [27]. Dust was a major source of pollution in eastern Inner Mongolia [58], local emissions and regional transport accounted for pollution in Nanjing [59], coal consumption and industry increased pollution in Beijing in winter [32,50], and industrial pollution and vehicle emissions were the dominant local contributors to the levels of NO 2 and PM 2.5 in Shanghai [31,34].…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Patterns Of China's Principal Air Pollumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, replacing fossil fuels with clean fuel (natural gas, nuclear energy, etc.) for municipal heating in winter would be an effective long-term measure to mitigate the dense haze north of the Yellow River [50]. In addition, stringent measures to control particle emissions (biomass burning) should be implemented during specific periods based on meteorological conditions [29,66], while mass transit should be encouraged to avoid energy waste.…”

Section: Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and Spatial Patterns of China’s Main Air Pollutants: Years 2014 and 2015

Zhou

Sun

2017

Atmosphere

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China faces unprecedented air pollution today. In this study, a database (SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, O 3 , PM 2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm), and PM 10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm) was developed from recordings in 188 cities across China in 2014 and 2015 to explore the spatial-temporal characteristics, relationships among atmospheric contaminations, and variations in these contaminants. Across China, the results indicated that the average monthly concentrations of air pollutants were higher from November to February than in other months. Further, the spatial patterns of air pollutants showed that the most polluted areas were located in Shandong, Henan, and Shanxi provinces, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. In addition, the average daily concentrations of air pollutants were also higher in spring and winter, and significant relationships between the principal air pollutants (negative for O 3 and positive for the others) were found. Finally, the results of a generalized additive model (GAM) indicated that the concentrations of PM 10 and O 3 fluctuate dynamically; there was a consistent increase in CO and NO 2 , and PM 2.5 and SO 2 showed a sharply decreasing trend. To minimize air pollution, open biomass burning should be prohibited, the energy efficiency of coal should be improved, and the full use of clean fuels (nuclear, wind, and solar energy) for municipal heating should be encouraged from November to February. Consequently, an optimized program of urban development should be highlighted.

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Section: Temporal and Spatial Patterns Of China's Principal Air Pollumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporal and Spatial Patterns Of China's Principal Air Pollumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and Spatial Patterns of China’s Main Air Pollutants: Years 2014 and 2015

Zhou

Sun

2017

Atmosphere

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“…The highest use of coal resources is in coal-fired power plants and coal-fired industrial boilers, which are the two main emission sources of GHG and CAPs [36][37][38]. In China, CO 2 , SO 2 , NOx and PM 2.5 emissions from coal use account for 80%, 93%, 70% and 65% of total energy-related emissions, respectively [39].…”

Section: Promoting the Clean And Efficient Use Of Coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a Framework to Evaluate the Effect of Energy Countermeasures Tackling Climate Change and Air Pollution: The Example of China

Yuan

Wang

2017

Sustainability

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Due to the large-scale utilization of high-carbon fossil energy, considerable amounts of critical air pollutants (CAPs) and greenhouse gas (GHG) have been emitted, which has led to increasingly serious global climate change and local air pollution problems. Given that climate change and air pollution have the same source, energy systems, the rational development and use of energy for collaborative governance should be emphasized to solve these problems in parallel. This paper presents a multi-dimensional, multi-perspective and achievable analysis framework to quantitatively evaluate the emission reduction effects of energy countermeasures aimed at tackling climate change and governing air pollution in support of sustainable development. As a typical developing country pursuing sustainable development, China is taken as an example to demonstrate an application of the proposed framework to assess the emission reduction effects of energy countermeasures issued for tackling climate change and governing air pollution on CAPs and GHG. The results indicate that the key energy actions proposed in this paper would result in emission reductions of approximately 6 million tons (Mt) of CAPs and 575 Mt of GHG in 2016. By 2020 and 2030, emission reductions of 12 Mt of CAPs and 1094 Mt of GHG and of 21 Mt of CAPs and 1975 Mt of GHG, respectively, will be achieved. The proposed framework can effectively help China identify the emissions reduction effect of a given energy countermeasure and support the development of policy describing the next steps for tackling climate change and haze pollution. The proposed framework in this paper is also beneficial for countries similar to China in their efforts to simultaneously address climate change and improve air quality.

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“…The values of EF j of the air emissions of each life cycle stage of SNG are presented in Table B3 (Li et al, , 2016aMan et al, 2014). This paper assumes that the SNG is used for heating.…”

Section: Eni For Sng Life-cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Coal-based synthetic natural gas vs. imported natural gas in China: a net energy perspective

Kong

Dong

Liu

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG) for municipal heating in China: analysis of haze pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

Temporal and Spatial Patterns of China’s Main Air Pollutants: Years 2014 and 2015

Temporal and Spatial Patterns of China’s Main Air Pollutants: Years 2014 and 2015

Establishing a Framework to Evaluate the Effect of Energy Countermeasures Tackling Climate Change and Air Pollution: The Example of China

Coal-based synthetic natural gas vs. imported natural gas in China: a net energy perspective

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