Analysis of potential influence factors on background urinary benzene concentration among a non-smoking, non-occupationally exposed general population sample

Campagna, Marcello; Satta, Giannina; Campo, Laura; Flore, Valeria; Ibba, Antonio; Meloni, Mauro; Tocco, Maria Giuseppina; Avataneo, Giuseppe; Flore, C; Fustinoni, Silvia; Cocco, Pierluigi

doi:10.1007/s00420-013-0925-2

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Also, significant detection of biomarkers of other BTEX compounds in the studied samples reveal that usage of these suites of specific biomarkers is more suitable to perform biomonitoring studies on human exposure. There are a few studies that measured only benzene among BTEX compounds and all of them were used SPME coupled with GC‐MS technique [51–53]. Among these studies, the detection levels of benzene varied vastly (nondetected [ND] to 2700 ng/L), which clearly indicates the exposure levels and patterns vary in different populations even if they are general population and not occupationally exposed (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals: Current applications and future perspectives

Kim

Karthikraj

2020

J of Separation Science

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Sample preparation is one of the crucial steps in the analytical chemistry including human biomonitoring studies. Although there are several traditional approaches available, solid‐phase microextraction is emerged as one of the pioneering techniques due to its simplicity, rapidness, wide applicability, and miniaturization of traditional sample preparation (e.g., use of less or no organic solvents). There are few earlier review articles available on the advancements in solid‐phase microextraction and its use for the measurement of environmental chemicals in various types of environmental samples. However, a collective information on applicability and current usage of solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals are scarce, nonetheless, rising demands on innovative analytical approaches for human biomonitoring studies. Hence, in this review article, we covered the application of solid‐phase microextraction as extraction/purification methods for more than 15 classes of environmental chemicals to assess their respective exposure levels and associated health outcomes in various human population reported across the globe. Further, a detailed discussion on various types of matrix used, nature of coupled analytical instrumentations, and limitations and future perspectives of solid‐phase microextraction for human biomonitoring studies is presented in this review.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals: Current applications and future perspectives

Kim

Karthikraj

2020

J of Separation Science

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“…O ttAM é um indicador sensível à exposição mesmo às baixas concentrações ambientais. No entanto, a utilização deste ácido como indicador biológico apresenta certa fragilidade, uma vez que já é conhecido uma série de interferentes que fazem os valores destes aumentar [116][117][118] , como a ingestão de ácido sórbico e seus sais, muito utilizados na indústria alimentícia 119,120 , e de bebida alcoólica 121 , o tabagismo 6,122 , ou a exposição simultânea ao tolueno 123,124 e aos hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) 16,125 .…”

Section: áCido Transtrans-mucônicounclassified

“…Existem diversas técnicas preconizadas para a determinação do ttAM, como a cromatografia gasosa com detecção por espectrometria de massas (CG-MS) ou por ionização em chama (CG-FID), a eletroforese capilar e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por absorção no UV (HPLC-UV) ou espectrometria de massas (HPLC-MS) ou espectrometria de massas sequencial (HPLC-MS/MS) [115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127] . As duas primeiras técnicas supracitadas têm como desvantagem a necessidade de uma etapa de derivatização, que é um procedimento dispendioso, demorado e com rendimento variável 115 .…”

Section: áCido Transtrans-mucônicounclassified

Benzeno: reflexos sobre a saúde pública, presença ambiental e indicadores biológicos utilizados para a determinação da exposição

et al. 2014

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O uso indiscriminado de um número cada vez maior de substâncias químicas vem aumentando e a contaminação ambiental associada tem trazido sérias consequências para o sistema público de saúde devido à elevação de danos para a saúde humana. Uma das substâncias que desperta grande interesse devido à contaminação contemporânea é o benzeno, composto aromático classificado pela International Agency for Research on Cancer como reconhecidamente carcinogênico para humanos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elaborar e discutir um panorama sobre a contaminação por benzeno, seu metabolismo, consequências para a saúde e sua determinação ambiental e biológica a partir de informações existentes na literatura científica. O levantamento de dados possibilitou o acesso a mais de 200 artigos científicos tanto de âmbito nacional quanto internacional, demonstrando a atualidade do tema e a necessidade de minimização da exposição humana a essa substância. A maioria preocupa-se em explorar o metabolismo e investigar indicadores de exposição, muitos já amplamente estudados e com sérias limitações. Contudo, um crescente número de pesquisadores estão empenhados em elucidar fatores relacionados à suscetibilidade e à interferência da exposição no material genético e proteico. Indicadores de exposição inovadores têm sido propostos com o objetivo de complementar as lacunas de informações anteriormente obtidas, contribuindo para o delineamento da estrutura da biologia de sistemas orgânicos frente à exposição ao benzeno.

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“…Only about 0.2% of the benzene is excreted unchanged with the urine. Nevertheless, this parameter is highly suitable for biomonitoring of benzene, especially in the low-dose range [Campagna et al 2014;Fustinoni et al 2005]. The excretion of benzene and its metabolites in urine is completed within 24 to 48 h after the end of exposure.…”

Section: P-xylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene, toluene, o‐xylene, m‐xylene, p‐xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene (cumene) – Determination of aromatic compounds in urine by dynamic headspace GC‐MS [Biomonitoring Methods, 2018]

Hartiwig¹,

Arand²

2018

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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The working group „Analyses in Biological Materials“ of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area verified the presented biomonitoring method. The analytical method described hereinafter permits the simultaneous determination of the following unmetabolised aromatic compounds in urine: benzene, toluene, o‐xylene, m‐xylene, p‐xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene and isopropylbenzene (cumene). Prior to the determination of the analytes by GC‐MS, the analytes are extracted and enriched using ITEX (In Tube Extraction) or SPDE (Solid Phase Dynamic Extraction). To this end, the urine samples are incubated at 50 °C, the analytes extracted from the gas phase and then the enriched analytes are transferred to the gas chromatograph and analysed using mass spectrometry. Calibration standards are prepared in water and processed in the same way as the samples to be analysed. Deuterated benzene is used as internal standard. The method was extensively validated and the reliability data were confirmed by an independent laboratory, which has established and cross‐checked the whole procedure.

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Analysis of potential influence factors on background urinary benzene concentration among a non-smoking, non-occupationally exposed general population sample

Abstract: Our findings support the use of unmetabolized UB as a specific and sensitive biomarker of low-level environmental exposure to benzene.

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals: Current applications and future perspectives

Solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals: Current applications and future perspectives

Benzeno: reflexos sobre a saúde pública, presença ambiental e indicadores biológicos utilizados para a determinação da exposição

Benzene, toluene, o‐xylene, m‐xylene, p‐xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene (cumene) – Determination of aromatic compounds in urine by dynamic headspace GC‐MS [Biomonitoring Methods, 2018]

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