Analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by glass capillary gas chromatography using simultaneous flame ionization and electron capture detection

Bjørseth, Alf; Eklund, Göran

doi:10.1002/jhrc.1240020108

Cited by 40 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…As shown previously (7), the measured response enhancement increases continuously as the Normal ECD molar responses determined from peak areas all normalized with respect to the case of phenanthrene. 6 Response enhancement induced by 0.20% oxygen, determined by ratio of peak heights obtained with and without oxygen in the carrier gas. c Relative rate of reaction with 02" normalized to case of phenanthrene, calculated from relationship R0 a Rec(RE -1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very early in the development of the ECD, this selective detector was noted to provide responses to PAHs which are strong relative to nonaromatic hydrocarbons (3,4). The combined use of the FID and the ECD for the GC analysis of the PAH content of atmospheric particulates has, in fact, been reported (5,6). The ECD-to-FID response ratios obtained in these studies varied greatly for the numerous PAH molecules examined.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Enhancement of electron capture detector response to polycyclic aromatic and related hydrocarbons by addition of oxygen to carrier gas

Miller¹,

Skogerboe²,

Grimsrud³

1981

Anal. Chem.

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The normal electron capture responses and the enhancements of response caused by 0.20% oxygen added to the carrier gas of a gas chromatograph have been measured for 30 large aromatic compounds by use of a constant-current electron capture detector (ECD). The compounds studied include three-to-five-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chloro-and methyl-substituted PAHs, and heterocyclic aromatics. The observed magnitudes of the oxygeninduced response enhancements vary greatly throughout this set of compounds. For compounds exhibiting large response enhancements, an obvlous application of oxygen doping is for causing a favorably biased response to these and an improved detection limit. The primary intent of this report, however, is to demonstrate that the oxygen-doped ECD can provide qualitative information concerning structural details of the trace components In a PAH mixture.Because of the carcinogenic properties of certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), considerable effort is presently being directed toward improving our ability to detect and identify these and closely related hydrocarbons which may be present in the environment. Among the more promising techniques being applied to PAH analyses are those based on prior separation by high-resolution gas chromatography (GC) (1). The GC approach not only offers superior separation of the individual sample components but also is easily mated to any of several sensitive detectors, some of which are capable of providing further qualitative as well as quantitative information concerning the mixture. Of the GC detectors, the mass spectrometer is generally considered to be the most informative. When applied to PAH mixture analysis, however, the mass spectrometer has been shown to be ineffective in distinguishing subtle and even not-so-subtle structural differences. In a report by Lee and co-workers (2), for example, it is shown that even phenanthrene and anthracene are not easily distinguished by either their electron impact or chemical ionization mass spectra, alone. By a more complicated chemical ionization technique involving simultaneous proton-transfer and charge-exchange to the PAH molecule, this group demonstrated that structural differences due to varied arrangements of the fused rings (anthracene vs. phenanthrene) did produce noticeably altered mass spectra. Even with this chemical ionization scheme, however, the more subtle structural variations caused by differing locations of a substituent on a given PAH were not identifiable.Another means by which qualitative information concerning gas chromatographic effluents can be obtained is by the use of two (or more) detectors, each responding by a different fundamental interaction with the sample. This approach would ideally have the response ratios obtained be uniquely traceable to each substance in the sample. A flame ionization Present address: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931.Hydrocarbons by Addition of 59717 detector (FID) a...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Enhancement of electron capture detector response to polycyclic aromatic and related hydrocarbons by addition of oxygen to carrier gas

Miller¹,

Skogerboe²,

Grimsrud³

1981

Anal. Chem.

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“…Although a parallel (i.e., post-GC split to both VUV and MS or GC/VUV/MS) detection approach is also possible, an in-series configuration was used for the reported data here. In-series detection may provide a more confident chemical identification approach for measurements that require high sensitivity and accurate quantitation. − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: A Tandem Detection Approach for Improved Identification of Gas Chromatography-Eluting Compounds

et al. 2018

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For wide class characterizations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), conventional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based techniques are utilized. These GC-MS-based chemical identification approaches typically rely on library searches against ion fragmentation patterns of known compounds. Although MS library searches can often provide correct chemical identities, erroneous chemical assignments of structurally similar unknown compounds are also possible. Other detection systems, such as absorption spectrometers, have been used for VOC analysis and can provide complementary absorption data. Here, we demonstrate the analytical advantages of coupling vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption spectroscopy and MS in tandem for the improved characterization of structurally similar VOCs. We also discuss technical considerations and limitations of coupling a VUV spectrometer to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Moreover, we show that combining the isomer selectivity of VUV spectroscopy, as a nondestructive analyte detection approach, with the mass selectivity of MS in a VUV-MS detection system improves characterization of GC-eluting compounds. Utilizing GC/VUV-MS data, we demonstrate that orthogonal VUV and MS library searches improve identification of VOCs present in complex mixtures such as a mixed standard sample, a commercial perfume product, and an essential oil sample.

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“…After sample concentration the rotary valve is switched into the "injection" position and the temperature of the precolumn is raised-by direct resistance heating-to about 530 K. During sample desorption the separation column is kept at 170 K to prevent peakbroadening during injection. The column is heated programmed from 170K to 320K with 25Kmin- 1 and from 320K to 400K with 2Kmin-1 and finally kept at 400 K for up tp 30 minutes if a complete chromatogram is run.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Photoionization, Flameionization and Electron Capture Detectors in Series for the Determination of Low Molecular Weight Trace Components in the Non Urban Atmosphere

Rudolph

Jebsen

1983

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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Analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by glass capillary gas chromatography using simultaneous flame ionization and electron capture detection

Cited by 40 publications

References 16 publications

Enhancement of electron capture detector response to polycyclic aromatic and related hydrocarbons by addition of oxygen to carrier gas

Enhancement of electron capture detector response to polycyclic aromatic and related hydrocarbons by addition of oxygen to carrier gas

Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: A Tandem Detection Approach for Improved Identification of Gas Chromatography-Eluting Compounds

The Use of Photoionization, Flameionization and Electron Capture Detectors in Series for the Determination of Low Molecular Weight Trace Components in the Non Urban Atmosphere

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