“…A number of methods have been developed in the past to analyze axially loaded piles, including simplified analytical methods [1,2], load-transfer methods [3][4][5], boundary element methods [6,7], finite element methods [8][9][10][11][12][13], infinite layer methods [14,15], finite layer methods [16][17][18], and ''hybrid" type methods [19][20][21]. Among them, the boundary element method is one of the commonly used methods to analyze a single pile and pile groups.…”