“…As a result, a large amount of research has been devoted to this field and sophisticated calculation methods have been put forward, such as the elastic theory method (Poulos and Davis, 1968;Seo and Prezzi, 2007;Seo et al, 2009), load transfer method (Seed and Reese, 1957;Liu et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2010;Zhang and Zhang, 2012), shear displacement method (Randolph and Wroth, 1978;Chow, 1989;Mylonakis and Gazetas, 1998), and various other numerical methods (Ai and Han, 2009;Comodromos et al, 2009;Said et al, 2009). However, these existing methods are primarily focused on the calculation of the final value of the settlement, rather than its time-varying behavior.…”