Analysis of Phthalate Migration from Plastic Containers to Packaged Cooking Oil and Mineral Water

Abstract

The migration of phthalates (PAEs), a class of typical environmental estrogen contaminants in food, from food packaging to packaged food attracts more and more attention worldwide. Many factors will affect the migration processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PAE migration from plastic containers to cooking oil and mineral water packed in authentic commercial packaging and stored under various conditions (different storage temperatures, contact times, and storage states (static or dynamic state)) and to identify a potential relationship between the amount and type of PAEs migrated and the lipophilic character of the food matrix. The samples were analyzed by a novel method of liquid chromatography combined with solid-phase extraction by an electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers mat, with PAE detection limits of 0.001 μg/L in mineral water and 0.020 μg/L in cooking oil, respectively. The results demonstrated that the cooking oil was a more suitable medium for the migration of PAEs from packages into foodstuffs than mineral water. Scilicet, the migration potential of the PAEs into foodstuffs, depends on the lipophilic characteristics of the food matrix. The results also demonstrated that migrations were more significant at higher temperature, longer contact time, and higher dynamic frequency; thus, the migration tests should be evaluated with consideration of different storage temperatures and contact times. Mathematical models with good logarithmic relationships were established to demonstrate the relationship between the PAE migration and food/packaging contact time for different storage temperatures. These established mathematical models would be expected to become a set of practical tools for the prediction of PAE migration.

Properties of poly(vinyl chloride) incorporated with a novel soybean oil based secondary plasticizer containing a flame retardant group

“…Thermal degradation data of PVC plasticized with ESO and SOPE showed that the T d of PVC blends increased from 249.4 to 265.9 C and 275. 7 C, the T g increased from 27.5 to 43 C and 49.8 C, respectively. It indicated that both of plasticizers could improve the thermal ability of PVC blends.…”

“…Phthalates as the main plasticizer additives of PVC have been used around the world for years due to excellent plasticizing effect, but phthalates may migrate from PVC products to environments when the materials contact with biological fluids, which will take potential risks to human health when they are used in food packing, automotive products, insect repellents, blood storage bags, and medical devices. [6][7][8][9] And the raw materials of phthalate are petroleum, scarcity of petroleum resources and the rising cost of petroleum products have led to the increasing trend towards developing of alternate sources of materials for industrial uses.…”

Disks solid phase extraction based polypyrrole functionalized core–shell nanofibers mat

“…The detailed preparation procedure was described previously elsewhere [21]. A dense mat of PA6 nanofibers with a thickness ranging from 70 to 200 μm was collected on the aluminum, and the electrospun time was 2-6 h.…”

“…Since electrospun nanofibers could be easily obtained as a form of membrane or mat, disks SPE based on electrospun nanofibers mat is a preferential format of device for large volume water sample pre-concentration. Our previous research using Nylon6 (PA6) electrospun nanofibers mat as disks SPE sorbent has demonstrated highly effective extraction for some non-polar and medium polarity compounds in aqueous samples [21][22][23][24][25][26]. The disks SPE not only possesses a larger specific surface and more active situs for adsorption resulting in good mass transfer performance, which is helpful to process large volume sample with higher flow rate to obtain better enrichment coefficient, but also facilitates the miniaturization of SPE devices allowing the use of a reduced sorbent bed mass and low consumption of solvents, which is in perfect harmony with new trend of sample preparation [27].…”

Determination of Phthalate Esters in Liquor by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

“…Many reports have described the migration of phthalate esters from flexible plastic polymers into food, especially oils and fatty foods because of the lipophilicity of the esters (Xu et al 2010;Z. Guo et al 2010;Fan et al 2012;Ji et al 2013).…”