Analysis of Photon Detection Efficiency and Dynamic Range in SPAD-Based Visible Light Receivers

Salvatore, Giovanni A.; Dutton, Neale A. W.; Parmesan, Luca; Rae, Bruce R.; Pellegrini, Sara; McLeod, Stuart J.; Grant, Lindsay A.; Henderson, Robert K.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2016.2550497

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The impact of this excess noise can be avoided by operating the APD at higher voltages to create a single photon avalanche detector (SPA D) [7,8]. Results obtained using optical receivers that incorporate SPADs have been recently reported [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of APD- and SPAD-Based Receivers for Visible Light Communications

Zhang

Chitnis

Chun

et al. 2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Visible light communications (VLC) is an alternative method of indoor wireless communications that requires sensitive receivers. Ideally, single photon avalanche detectors (S PADs) could be used to create more sensitive receivers. However, the dead-time, finite output pulse width and photon detection efficiency of existing S PAD arrays limits their sensitivity and bandwidth. In this paper an accurate equation for the impact of dead-time on the sensitivity of a S PAD array is presented. In addition the impact of the width of the output pulses on the on-off keying (OOK) data rate is investigated. Finally, a comparison between receivers containing an APD and a large array of S PADs shows that although the receiver containing the S PAD is more sensitive in the dark the APD-based receiver is more sensitive in normal operating condition. However, the models that predict the performance of both receivers suggest that newer S PAD arrays will enable significant improvements in receiver sensitivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of APD- and SPAD-Based Receivers for Visible Light Communications

Zhang

Chitnis

Chun

et al. 2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…The SPAD pulse length can be reduced by combining a pulseshortening monostable circuit which only outputs a very short pulse, as shown in Figure 3 (b). The XOR tree, shown in Figure 3 (c), can extend the channel bandwidth beyond that of an OR tree due to the dual data rate encoding which is independent of any pulse width [21].…”

Section: Spad Array As "Single-point" Sensor For Electronic Displaymentioning

confidence: 99%

13.1: Invited Paper: Single‐Photon‐Capable Detector Arrays in CMOS—Exploring a New Tool for Display Metrology

Underwood

Mai

Al-Abbas

et al. 2018

Symp Digest of Tech Papers

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“…Recently, extensive efforts have been made to design and characterize practical photon-counting receivers, such as single photon avalanche diode (SPAD), which has been applied in many optical communication scenarios [30], [31]. In optical scattering communication, we consider a practical photon-counting receiver typically consisting of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and the subsequent pulse-holding circuits to generate a series of rectangular pulses with certain width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achievable Rate Bounds on Poisson Channel with a Sample-Based Practical Photon-Counting Receiver

Jiang

Gong

Wang

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)

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We investigate the achievable rate and capacity of a non-perfect photon-counting receiver. For the case of long symbol duration, the achievable rate under on-off keying modulation is investigated based on Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence and Chernoff α-divergence. We prove the tightness of the derived bounds for large peak power with zero background radiation with exponential convergence rate, and for low peak power of order two convergence rate. For large peak power with fixed background radiation and low background radiation with fixed peak power, the proposed bound gap is a small positive value for low background radiation and large peak power, respectively. Moreover, we propose an approximation on the achievable rate in the low background radiation and long symbol duration regime, which is more accurate compared with the derived upper and lower bounds in the medium signal to noise ratio (SNR) regime. For the symbol duration that can be sufficiently small, the capacity and the optimal duty cycle are is investigated. We show that the capacity approaches that of continuous Poisson capacity as T s = τ → 0. The asymptotic capacity is analyzed for low and large peak power. Compared with the continuous Poisson capacity, the capacity of a non-perfect receiver is almost lossless and loss with attenuation for low peak power given zero background radiation and nonzero background radiation, respectively. For large peak power, the capacity with a non-perfect receiver converges, while that of continuous Poisson capacity channel linearly increases. The above theoretical results are extensively validated by numerical results.

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Analysis of Photon Detection Efficiency and Dynamic Range in SPAD-Based Visible Light Receivers

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

A Comparison of APD- and SPAD-Based Receivers for Visible Light Communications

A Comparison of APD- and SPAD-Based Receivers for Visible Light Communications

13.1: Invited Paper: Single‐Photon‐Capable Detector Arrays in CMOS—Exploring a New Tool for Display Metrology

Achievable Rate Bounds on Poisson Channel with a Sample-Based Practical Photon-Counting Receiver

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