Analysis of Phenolic Acids of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosusL.) Responding to Salt-Stress by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Plant phenolics can have applications in pharmaceutical and other industries. To identify and quantify the phenolic compounds in Helianthus tuberosus leaves, qualitative analysis was performed by a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and quantitative analysis by HPLC. Ten chlorogenic acids (CGAs) were identified (3-o-caffeoylquinic acid, two isomers of caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaroyl-quinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoyquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid) by comparing their retention times, UV-Vis absorption spectra, and MS/MS spectra with standards. In addition, four other phenolic compounds, including caffeoyl glucopyranose, isorhamnetin glucoside, kaempferol glucuronide, and kaempferol-3-o-glucoside, were tentatively identified in Helianthus tuberosus leaves for the first time. The 3-o-caffeoylquinic acid (7.752 mg/g DW), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (5.633 mg/g DW), and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4.900 mg/g DW) were the major phenolic compounds in leaves of Helianthus tuberosus cultivar NanYu in maturity. The variations in phenolic concentrations and proportions in Helianthus tuberosus leaves were influenced by genotype and plant growth stage. Cultivar NanYu had the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, in particular 3-o-caffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid compared with the other genotypes (wild accession and QingYu). Considering various growth stages, the concentration of total phenolics in cultivar NanYu was higher at flowering stage (5.270 mg/g DW) than at budding and tuber swelling stages. Cultivar NanYu of Helianthus tuberosus is a potential source of natural phenolics that may play an important role in the development of pharmaceuticals.

Moderation of Inulin and Polyphenolics Contents in Three Cultivars of Helianthus tuberosus L. by Potassium Fertilization

“…Chlorogenic acid was the predominant polyphenolic compound in Jerusalem artichoke tubers and leaves [41]. The average content of chlorogenic acid was estimated at 66.4% in cv.…”

HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis of fruits from Firmiana simplex (L.) and evaluation of their antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties

“…Also, a peak at ( R t = 6.27) with a protonated molecule with a [M‐H] − at m/z 337, producing daughter ion at m/z 191 [M‐H‐146] − due to the loss of 146 mass units equivalent to releasing of a coumaroyl moiety, was identified as 5‐ O ‐ p ‐coumaroylquinic acid (4) . Similarly, a peak at R t = 6.74 showed a [M‐H] − ion at m / z 367 and MS n ions at m / z 191 equivalent to quinic acid moiety, and another fragment at m/z 173 due to loss of H 2 O molecule, was identified as 4‐ O ‐feruloylquinic acid (5) …”

“…[31] Similarly, a peak at R t = 6.74 showed a [M-H] À ion at m/z 367 and MS n ions at m/z 191 equivalent to quinic acid moiety, and another fragment at m/z 173 due to loss of H 2 O molecule, was identified as 4-O-feruloylquinic acid (5). [32] Peak at a retention time R t = 31.08 min exhibited a [M-H] À ion at m/z 415, a characteristic fragment ion at m/z 165 due to the presence of a deprotonated dihydrop-coumaric acid ion; thus, compound (20) was tentatively identified as dihydro-p-coumaric acid derivative.…”

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) as a potential chlorophyll source for humans and animals nutrition

“…Chlorophyll b degradation is different from chlorophyll a, where chlorophyll b is degraded by first being converted to Chlorophyll a (Ito et al 1993;Schuermann et al 1996).The second major problem during the processing is the high amount of polyphenols, which can cover the pigments. The main phenolic acids in H. tuberosus leaves are chlorogenic acids (93%) (Chen et al 2014;Yuan et al 2012). More broadly, phenolic acids are wildly distributed in plants as the secondary metabolites (Mattila and Hellström 2007).According to Chen et al (2014) the major phenolic compounds are 3-o-caffeoylquinic acid (33%), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (24%) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (21%) of the total phenolics.In addition, the dry matter content may also affect the photosynthetic pigment content.…”

“…The main phenolic acids in H. tuberosus leaves are chlorogenic acids (93%) (Chen et al 2014;Yuan et al 2012). More broadly, phenolic acids are wildly distributed in plants as the secondary metabolites (Mattila and Hellström 2007).According to Chen et al (2014) the major phenolic compounds are 3-o-caffeoylquinic acid (33%), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (24%) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (21%) of the total phenolics.In addition, the dry matter content may also affect the photosynthetic pigment content. Different fractions yielded the following results: for leaves it represents around 20%, green juices are around 11.5%, fiber dry matter content is 40%.…”